Marcel Proust Defines the Self in Remembrance of Things Past

Marcel Proust Defines the Self in Remembrance of Things Past Proust seems to be unique among the twentieth century authors in that his denial of rational thought is through the use of sensation to respond to the problem--instead of experience, for example--by defining the self as a retrievable essence comprised of all past experiences. Our human condition is defined by mortality, contingency, and discontentment. This reality combined with the new outlooks of relationships between our lives and the objects that surround us in our world, have caused authors in the twentieth century to question traditional Western thought. In Remembrance of Things Past, Marcel Proust extends these comparisons to include ones use of memory and†¦show more content†¦(5-6) The phrase, and might now very possibly be, exemplifies Prousts idea that although literally he is not anywhere aside from in his own bed, Marcel is--in some way--still at a time and location he experienced previously. The memory fills his body thus making his partial existence whole, a feat that alone--that is, without these subconscious thoughts--he could not accomplish. We see here a bit of foreshadowing de lesprit, as those same, undeterminable thoughts, Marcel will understand later, are some of the pieces to the solution he fails yet to realize he is searching for. Proust continues his illustration of the importance of memories though their connection to habit. We all have the need for a certain order in our lives. The protagonist however (although not quite an obsession) does seem to have problems functioning in the absence of routine. The authors intention is revealed through Marcels character, calling to our attention the true nature of a magic part of human life. That is, that objects themselves cannot be labeled familiar--they need a human connection to be described as such: Habit! that skilful but slow-moving arrangerShow MoreRelatedResponse to George Berkeleys Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous1009 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween Hylas and Philonous, in which he argues that the Cartesian notion of substance is incoherent, that the word matter as Descartes uses it, does not mean anything. This essay is also about words as memories, and about the two fictional Marcels, young and old. Hylas is a Cartesian thinker, and Philonous is Berkeley’s voice of reason. Words are like vessels—they are merely novel constructions of sounds empty of meaning until we fill them. They mean only what we discern in themRead MoreAwareness6564 Words   |  27 PagesIntroduction In the writing of their fictional works, novelists often have to reflect on the functioning of memory, for memory lies at the heart both of inner life and of human experience in general. It is indeed in the works of writers such as Marcel Proust or Jorge Luis Borges that the best exemplifications of the subjective experience of memory are to be found. However, from a strictly mnemonic point of view, literature provides more than a means of reflecting on memory: it is also the site of theRead MoreMultiple Intelligences Seminar and Workshop14464 Words   |  58 Pagesto control ones body movements and to handle objects skillfully 6. Interpersonal Intelligence -- capacity to detect and respond appropriately to the moods, motivations and desires of others. 7. Intrapersonal Intelligence -- capacity to be self-aware and in tune with inner feelings, values, beliefs and thinking processes 8. Naturalist Intelligence -- ability to recognize and categorize plants, animals and other objects in nature 9. Existential Intelligence -- sensitivity and capacity

Creative Writing Monologue †How did I end up like this Free Essays

How did I end up like this? Slashed up and left to die in a part of Bristol that Tourist Information is in denial as to its existence. Why would I even consider agreeing to such ludicrous terms? How many times has my mother said one of those embarrassing Irish sayings that no-one says or told you: â€Å"Don’t talk to stranger,† or â€Å"Don’t let your father be your role model or you’ll end up dead just like him.† Well I bet my Mum never envisaged me sharing my father’s grave before her. We will write a custom essay sample on Creative Writing Monologue – How did I end up like this? or any similar topic only for you Order Now It’s looking more bloody likely with every minute that goes by. â€Å"Pause† I’m eighteen! I should be with friends on the town, drinking and trying cigarettes, not slowly bleeding to death. In its time this is the kind of road that would be full of tourists who can’t afford to go abroad and want a cheap seaside holiday; well Bristol seems to have fallen to bits, now it’s nothing more than a grimy alleyway. I’m not even sure if I brought this situation upon myself; just another one of those innocent victims of inner city youth gangs. I can already picture my mother on GMTV, asking pointless question which were unlikely to be answered, but when they are they draw an inevitable dead-end. â€Å"Pause, Splutters† When you’re approached by twelve or so older boys you keep your head down, make no eye contact and walk on by. Except on this occasion they closed in on me. I felt trapped like a helpless animal, my legs disacknowledged my brain which was urging them to run. They said they wanted me to perform some sort of task. As the group distributed my duty I remained silent and still, although my brain had commenced a battle I didn’t argue. But somehow, without being told, I knew there was extensive danger with the task in hand. They spat threats at me though I had not even considered disobeying my assignment for one moment. â€Å"Pause, Chokes† I gathered I was to be a courier and deliver goods and not under any circumstances was I to be prevented from completing my task, regardless of what crossed my path: be it another gang or the police. I asked no questions as I expected to hear no answers (or if there were any – only deceitful ones). They all implied that the consequence for getting caught would most likely be death. At that I began to panic, taking deeper and deeper breathes, having this premonition of being brutally killed. I should have known at that very moment that this situation that I’m in now was unavoidable. â€Å"Pause, Chokes again† I just wish life was like one of those lame TV shows where the hero is on the brink of death but summons up the strength to save him as well as the good looking girl that invariably accompanies them. I want just a few more minutes with my mother to make up for all that I have done. When I was young, my father gave me an option; he said â€Å"Wayne, are you going to be a Mummy’s boy or a Dad’s boy?† From that very moment I made a decision that would be my burden for the rest of my life. I was always a Dad’s boy and followed a similar youth to that of my older brother Ashley; I would look up to Ashley – he was who I wanted to be. Dad was always showing off his first born, until he walked out at the age of 15 that is. â€Å"Pause, Single Tear† Shortly after his departure my dad committed suicide. My life went downhill and every day seem to be a new low. I blamed my mum for my father’s death and taunted and accused her of pushing before he jumped. Although it was not true it gave me great satisfaction hearing my mother’s muffled tear and sobs from her room. My mother always loved and cared for me and was very compassionate towards me, both before and after my father’s death which is more than I can say for my father. My dad would often abuse me and as I cried he would tell me to man up and do him proud and it was my mother only who questioned the large bruises scattered all over my body. Yet my mum was always there to feed me and put a roof over my head. But my eyes were only for my father so my world seemed to crumble as he made his long ominous decent to the pits of hell. â€Å"Unsteady Raspy Breathing † So as these boys told me my task in hand, ringing in my ears was the sound of my Dad saying, â€Å"so Wayne are you going to be a Mummy’s boy or a Daddy’s boy. â€Å"So not only did I accept that I had no choice, I agreed, I saw it as a gifted opportunity to do my beloved Dad proud and make up for the fact I could never live up to Ashley. I had my goal in mind and it never occurred to me the magnitude of the danger and I never assumed I would get caught. So I was dismayed to walk into a group of men the gleam in their eyes told me they knew everything. â€Å"Pause† They were smug, the kind of people when dad was alive he was obsessed with surrounding himself with. Those crocked smiles and worn bashed up faces told me they had fought many wars before. But what shocked me the most was the lack of fear and concern in their eyes. They did what they this not because they were forced to like myself, but because they found it them adrenaline and they enjoyed it! As they redrew there knives from their pockets and slashed me I didn’t resist or cry; I couldn’t stand hearing my dad’s voice again, â€Å"Man up Wayne, man up.† I had had enough. â€Å"Pause, Voice fades as he is dying† But as this happened I couldn’t help but smile to myself. I had seen who was stabbing me, I smiled at him and he smirked back, mocking me. Ashley, who I had looked up to as a child, had come back; maybe not the way I had hoped, but none the less for the past eight years since he left all I have ever wanted was for him to return. I don’t hate him for doing it; he was living my father’s dream and had done him proud more than I had ever done. â€Å"Pause† If I shift my weight I could probably see the name of this god forsaken alley. â€Å"Terminal Lane,† it probably refers to the nearly airport but I think it fits. The end of my journey, a short journey, but never the less an eventful one. â€Å"Terminal Lane†. Chuckles â€Å"Closes Eyes, Dies†. How to cite Creative Writing Monologue – How did I end up like this?, Papers

Simple and Complex Environmental Projects †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Simple and Complex Environmental Projects. Answer: Introduction: In order to start the Diploma in Software Development for international students, OTTE P/Ltd will incur some initial costs. The costs are significant but very necessary for the program to start successfully. Since the classrooms and the facilities like desks are ready, the costs for the institution will not be as many as compared to if nothing was ready (Blais,2012). One of the major items that will cost the organization significant amount of money is the purchase of hardware devices. At least 25 desktop computers with dual screen need to be purchased. Every student should be able to operate their own computer at any time. This is important to ensure all students are involved in practical lessons and there is minimum movement and interruptions when lessons are ongoing (Berger, 2011). The extra five desktop computers will be for backup in case some of the computers collapse Management. They will also be used by the instructors from time to time. The cost for a Desktop computer with du al screen is estimated to be $320. Projection dual display screens for displaying text and graphics when students are developing software is also required. The screens will be important for demonstrations and illustrations during practical lessons. Software resources will also cost the institution a substantial amount of money. There is a variety of software tools required to develop software. Examples of this tools include; Atom, Cloud9 IDE, Code Envy, CodeLobster and Codepen (Carkenord, 2009). These programs have to be bought from the manufacturers who issue licenses to the developers who intend to use their software. The other software tools that will be needed to implement the project at OTTE P/Ltd include; software code coverage tools, debuggers, disasemblers, GUI interface generators Build automation software and static code analysis tools. The other software that will be required is MS Visual Studio, MS Project, MS Visio and MS Office (Tavana, 2012).These software programs will be obtained from different developers at different prices. The software language to be used in by the institution is Java programming language management. Java 9 is the version that will be used for this computer (Piccirillo Noro, 2008). The other costs that OTTE P/Ltd will incur in starting the new course on software developing are the cost of labor. At least 4 lecturers specializing in computer science or software development need to be employed. The candidates for the job must have a PHD in computer science or software development. The candidates must have more than 7 years teaching experience in a reputable higher education institution. The lecturers wills be expected to earn salary and allowances totaling $750 per month. The cost of labor is recurrent and will be paid every month. The other recurrent cost for OTTE P/Ltd are overhead cost which include cost of electricity and teaching materials (Foster, 2013). The following is a table showing the breakdown of the costs in a table format: Item Quantity Cost per item ($) Total Dual screen desktop computers 25 520 13,000 MS Visual Studio licenses 1 2,200 2,200 MS Project 1 1,880 1,880 MS Visio 1 1,570 1,570 MS office 1 Free 0 Java programming language 1 2,500 2,500 Other software tools 1 2,900 2,900 Salaries and wages 7 105012 88,200 per year Overhead costs 1 10,500 10,500 Total costs for entire first year $119,850 From the table above, the total initial costs that OTTE P/Ltd amount to $21,150. This represents the expenses that will be incurred only once during the beginning of the course. The maintenance costs and other recurring costs will need to be paid by the institution every month (Albright, Winston Zappe, 2011). The total recurring costs for the entire first year totals $98,700. This represents more than 80% of the entire costs required to start the new course. Since the institution expects to admit 20students in the first year, the total revenue for the first year will be 15,000 multiplied by 20 students. This brings a total of $300,000 per semester. Since there are two semesters every year, the total revenue from tuition fee equals $600,000. This therefore means during the first year of operation, the company will make a net profit of $480,150. This profit is expected to increase in the subsequent years since the initial costs wont be incurred any more (Hass, 2015). Recommendations From the analysis done above, recommendations can be done to the board concerning the decision to start offering a Diploma in Software development. The following are the recommendations to the board of OTTE P/Ltd. The board should go ahead and start offering the course. The financial analysis of the decision shows that the company will make a profit of $480,150 in the first year. This means that the course will greatly boast the profits of the company. The board of OTTE P/Ltd should purchase computers with dual screen in order to offer students an opportunity to view text when developing software. Employee between four to five lecturers to undertake the teaching activities of the department. Open up the program to local students after three years of operation so as to increase revenue base. Conclusion The report evaluates and analyzes the benefits and the costs that will be incurred by OTTPE in starting a new course. The course in Software development will be offered only to international students and the company wants to evaluate the viability of the business and whether or not the introduction of the course will help to the organization to achieve its goals and objectives. The report contains a letter of transmittal addressed to the chairman of the board and it introduces the subject of the report to the board. The report also contains an executive summary and an introduction section which explains the objectives of preparing the report. An analysis of important elements required to start this course is done and the costs are estimated. The revenues expected per year are also calculated after which the net profit of the company is determined. The recommendations and conclusion are made based on the analysis made in the report. References Albright, S. C., Winston, W. L., Zappe, C. J. (2011). Data Analysis And Decision Making. Mason, Ohio, South-Western/Cengage Learning. Bartlett, R. (2013). A Practitioner's Guide To Business Analytics: Using Data Analysis Tools To Improve Your Organization's Decision Making And Strategy. New York, Mcgraw-Hill Professional. Berger, A. (2011). Standard Costing, Variance Analysis And Decision-Making: Managemant Accounting And Control. Mu?Nchen, Grin Verl. Blais, S. (2012). Business Analysis: Best Practices For Success. Hoboken, N.J., Wiley. Carkenord, B. A. (2009). Seven Steps To Mastering Business Analysis. Ft. Lauderdale, Fla, J. Ross Pub. Foster, D. (2013). Statistics For Business: Decision Making And Analysis. Harlow, Pearson Education Limited. Friedrichsen, L., Cram, C. (2012). New Perspectives: Portfolio Projects For Business Analysis. Mason, Ohio, South-Western. Girvan, L. (2016). Agile And Business Analysis. [Place Of Publication Not Identified], Bcs, The Chartered Instit. Hass, K. B. (2015). Breakthrough Business Analysis: Implementing And Sustaining a Value-Based Practice. Munier, N. (2011). A Strategy For Using Multicriteria Analysis In Decision-Making: a Guide For Simple And Complex Environmental Projects. Dordrecht, Springer Piccirillo, E., Noro, M. G. (2008). Guidebook For Supporting Decision Making Under Uncertainties: Today's Managers, Tomorrow's Business. Hackensack, Nj, World Scientific. Surma, J., Go?Rniakowska, M., Gee, P. (2011). Business Intelligence: Making Decisions Through Data Analytics. New York, N.Y., Business Expert Press. Tavana, M. (2012). Decision Making Theories And Practices From Analysis To Strategy. Hershey, Pa, Business Science Reference.

The Gallant Boys of Gettysburg Essay Example For Students

The Gallant Boys of Gettysburg Essay Word Count: 537The story I read took place mostly at the Battle of Gettysburg.Tom and Jeff Majors had just enrolled in the Confederate army. Tom enrolled as a private and Jeff as a drummer boy. Their dad, Nelson Majors, who had been in the army for quite some time, had just been promoted to Major. Tom and Jeff were appointed to their fathers unit. They fought in the Battle of Gettysburg which was the worst battle of the Civil War. The death total for the battle was great. The Union and the Confederates lost a total of 18,000 men each. During the worst part of the battle, a shell hit Toms leg.Jeff immediately carried him to the field doctor. The doctor told Tom that his leg would have to be cut off. The Confederate army was being beaten back by the Union and they had to retreat. That meant that Tom was put on a wagon and carried away. Tom knew there was little chance of him surviving the ride. Jeff had an idea to take Tom to the Poteets house. They had eatenwith them before the battle . The Poteets gladly agreed to keep Tom for a short while at their house. Jeff and Nelson Majors were very happy that Tom could stay with them. When Toms leg was healed, he and Jeff went back to Kentucky where their family was from. When they got home there was a big welcome dinner. A letter came a few days later telling Jeff that he would need to go back to the army. When Jeff got back, he and his dad talked about how Tom was doing and the rest of the family. After that, the story ends just as they were about to go fight another battle. We will write a custom essay on The Gallant Boys of Gettysburg specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The predominate conflict inoccurred when Tom was hit by a shell from the Union army. Jeff turned and saw Tom rolling and rolling on the ground. When Jeff got there, he saw that it had struck Toms leg. He quickly tied a bandage on it to stop the bleeding. Jeff told Tom that he would have to instantly see a field doctor. The doctor told Tom that his leg would have to be taken off. When Jeff and Tom arrived at their home in Kentucky, Sarah, Toms girlfriend, saw what had happened to his leg. Tom thought that Sarah would not like him because he had lost his leg. Sarah tried to tell him that it did not matter that he had lost his leg, but Tom did not listen. Sarah asked Mr. Springer, who had recently lost his leg, to come and talk to Tom. Mr. Springer told Tom that he should get an artificial leg. Mr. Springer said that he felt as good as new with his artificial leg. The story ends shortly after they finished talking. I concluded that Tom would eventually get an artificial leg.

New Discoveries in Biogeograph essays

New Discoveries in Biogeograph essays About thirty years ago, two men, Robert H. MacArthur and Edward O. Wilson began a journey to test a theory of biogeography. They developed their theory by observing how on an island when one species of ant becomes extinct, a new one replaces it. From this they concluded that large islands have more species than small islands and that remote islands have fewer species than less remote ones. As part of their investigation, they wanted to test their theory on an existing island. They chose to predict at what number a species of birds would be at equilibrium on the island of Krakatau. They estimated that it would be about thirty different species. Their prediction was very close to the actual amount of twenty-seven. The birds are at equilibrium because the same number of species will be maintained even if conditions changed MacArthur and Wilson developed a different approach to the distribution of life. Scientists did not directly accept their theory. However, their discoveries led to more studies in biogeography and a better understanding of it. ...

Dont Underestimate the Value of Your Own Town

Dont Underestimate the Value of Your Own Town Used to be, when I thought about travel writers, while longing to be one myself, I thought only of those lucky few fortunate enough to land all-expenses-paid assignments to produce articles in places like Burma or Bhutan. I never considered the possibilities my own city had to offer in the way of travel-related articles.    My thinking changed, however, when I subscribed to a travel newsletter. Every month the newsletter spotlighted a city, either foreign or domestic, giving a full logistics report. As I lived in Lexington, Kentucky, at the time, I queried the editor of the newsletter and asked would she be interested in a logistics article on Lexington. She said yes.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Even though I’d lived there for several years, I’d been too busy raising four sons and working full time to get around and actually see what Lexington had to offer. Too, Lexington was simply where I lived and worked; as such, I never considered it newsworthy enough to write about. When I received the assignment, however, I saw it in a whole new light.   Endless opportunities for travel articles abounded, not only for the assignment I already had, but for a string of other articlesthe bourbon distilleries, the wineries, the racetracks, the nightlife, the culture, the sports.    From my initial article I was able to pitch other variations to different magazines. I found travel-writing opportunities in Lexington’s surrounding communities also. In Keene, Kentucky, only 15 miles outside of Lexington, for example, I saw the possibility of a travel essay in a rambling wood-frame hotel, once a popular summer resort and place of safety during a cholera panic in the mid-l800s. As a portion of the hotel also currently housed a down-home-type restaurant that featured the best Southern cooking I’d ever tasted, that also became an article. The Wisconsin town I now reside in is so isolated and pitiably small that it really doesn’t offer enough to bring that traffic jam of eager tourists to its city limits. But, Green Bay, home of the Green Bay Packers and historic Lambeau Field Stadium, is only a mere 30 miles away, and I’m already putting together a list of possible travel articles on that city.    If you’re a beginning travel writer, live in a small town and have limited travel money, consider checking out near Also, even though your city or town IS small, perhaps it’s connected to other small towns (Door County in Wisconsin, for example, a string of very small towns, runs along both sides of the peninsula and attracts hundreds of tourists each year). If your town is part of such a string of towns, and barring it has at least one notable attraction, include it as part of a driving-trip travel piece of a larger whole. To get an idea on how to write a travel piece on your city or town, decide on the format you wish to useshort getaway, essay/story, historic place, driving trip, little-known or undiscovered place, etc.   Then, using an example article from the publication you wish to write for, follow the example.   

Define term Clutter and Gestures in public speech Essay

Define term Clutter and Gestures in public speech - Essay Example A normal hand wave is considered as a fine gesture of saying â€Å"Hello† and â€Å"Good Bye† while appreciating someone’s work by patting his back is a nice gesture of motivating him. A frown often gives a feeling of being angry and irritated while a smile offers a feeling of bliss. Gestures are universal expressions found in every living body capable of emoting them with great impact. Gestures have been documented in different forms of art such as paintings and sculptures. The famous portray of Monalisa is a symbol of female beauty emoting elusive facial expressions. While delivering public speech, most individuals use their hands and facial expressions to express the worth of a sentence or words. The word â€Å"Smile† brings a smile on the face while the world â€Å"Magnanimous† makes us spread our arms to highlight its impact and worth. Gestures can be used to connect with the nature, society and technology in a manner that does not require words to express the actual feelings. They are ubiquitous and innate in living bodies defining life through wide arrays of emotions and feelings. Clutter is defined as a confused multitude of things and statements often using more than what is actually required to offer a substantial meaning. It is like filling gaps or spaces in a disorderly manner that confuses audiences to the core. Usually, clutter defines a confused state of mind lacking clear and transparent ideas. It normally happens in extempore when a speaker is asked to speak on a particular topic; rather than clearly defining the subject matter of the topic, the speaker tends to use unnecessary words. It is hard to avoid clutters while speaking especially when the mind and is not refined and mature enough. It also highlights the normal human psychology that gets affected by pressure and expectance. Almost every speaker goes through the feeling of nervousness while speaking in front of a group. It is a

Impacts of Globalization on Apple Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Impacts of Globalization on Apple Inc - Essay Example One of the most successfully recognized global organizations that recognized the relevance of globalization is Apple Inc. In this regard, the current research aims to examine the actual and potential impacts of globalization on the organization through a comprehensive examination of the factors that led to the decision. The discourse would hereby be structured through providing the relevant theoretical framework for the globalization, prior to delving into the corporate background and profile of Apple Inc. Subsequently, the impact of globalization would be expounded as applied by Apple in terms of presenting the changes it made on the organization’s market share, competition, and the strategies designed and implemented for globalization efforts to succeed. Globalization As emphasized by Riggs (2000), the concept of globalization has been studied to reveal that it has many meanings and dimensions. Figure 1: Globalization has Many Meanings Source: Riggs 1998, 2 Business practiti oners could simply attempt define globalization as a process of expanding operations abroad. However, like the evolution in contemporary organizations’ structure, the concept and definition of globalization goes beyond the traditional view of doing business in another country or beyond international waters. In a study conducted by Al-Rodhan (2006), globalization was intricately defined as â€Å"a process that encompasses the causes, course, and consequences of transnational and transcultural integration of human and non-human activities† (Al-Rodhan 2006, 2). By transnational, Lee Iwan, a professional with extensive cultural and international experiences described its meaning as corporations that â€Å"have invested in foreign operations, have a central corporate facility but give decision-making, R&D and marketing powers to each individual foreign market† (Iwan 2007, 1). As indicated by Riggs (2000) on his key concepts of globalization, the dimensions of globali zation are: â€Å"Economics: globalization = trade, money, corporations, banking, capital Political science: globalization = governance, war, peace, IGOs, NGOs, regimes Sociology: globalization = communities, conflict, classes, nations, agreements Psychology: globalization = individuals as subjects and objects of global action Anthropology: globalizaton = cultures overlapping, adapting, clashing, merging Communications: globalization = information as knowledge and tools -- INTERNET Geography: globalization = everything, provided it can be anchored in space† (Riggs: Dimensions, 1998, par. 2). Figure 2: Dimensions of Globalization Source: Riggs, 1998, p. 5 These dimensions were validated by Al-Rodhan (2006) when he emphasized that â€Å"globalization involves economic integration; the transfer of policies across borders; the transmission of knowledge; cultural stability; the reproduction, relations, and discourses

Reconstruction After the American Civil War Essay Example for Free

Reconstruction After the American Civil War Essay The civil war is considered by many the most important war that our country has endured. During the 5 year Civil War, not only did 620,000 men die, but our nation was left in ruins. It was necessary that our country be rebuilt from bottom up. Abraham Lincoln, said to be the brightest president of his time, had plans and ideas for reconstruction. Unfortunately, these plans were failed to be put in place due to the fact of his assassination on April 14, 1865. Throughout some of the most politically tough years our nation has experienced (1865-1877) lousy presidents were elected, plans and bills failed and succeeded, and struggles with civil rights were prominent everywhere. The United State’s hopeful plans for reconstructing and reuniting slowly faded until it was all gone The most important part of reconstruction would probably have to be the beginning, or where it all started. Reconstruction of our nation began unofficially in 1863 with Lincoln’s 10% plan. Because Lincoln wanted a reunited nation as easily and quickly as possible, he entailed that only 10% of the confederates in each state would have to swear allegiance in order for the state to be accepted back into the union. Because of the small number of confederates needed to swear allegiance, the radical republicans in congress were angered and proposed the Wade-Davis Bill. The Wade-Davis bill was intended to make congress responsible for reconstruction rather than the president, and also stated that the majority (not 10%) would have to swear allegiance in each state to be re-accepted into the union. For the good of the united states, not for selfish reasons, Lincoln vetoed (or declined) the bill. Because Lincoln was assassinated, the rest of his plans and hopes for reconstruction were n ever put to use, and his vice-president, Andrew Johnson, took the Presidential role. As reconstruction continued on, it brought many major achievements that greatly benefited our country. One of the greatest accomplishments of reconstruction was the Fifteenth Amendment. The Fifteenth Amendment stated that everyone has a right to vote no matter what â€Å"race, color, or previous condition of servitude† was. Because many whites didn’t like this, they wouldn’t cooperate with the amendment and would go as far as using violence to make blacks not vote. Because of this congress used the Enforcement Act of 1870 which entailed that federal governments would be able to punish those that were causing problems for the African Americans. Going along with the fifteenth amendment, reconstruction brought another achievement, a new life and society for former slaves. Supported by the government, former slaves were able to create new lives for themselves. Although it took hard work and dedication, African Americans were able to create schooling systems, churches and volunteer groups and fight against segregation. Former slaves were able to reunite with their families, and blacks were even finally allowed a spot in politics. The final greatest achievement of reconstruction was reuniting our country. Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and the other four states all re-entered the union by 1870. By originally initiating reconstruction, this is what Lincoln was shooting for. Although they still had political and economic differences, they were once again a reunited nation. With every great movement and political plan, lasting effects come along with it. During reconstruction many things were accomplished, which means that our nation was faced with many positive and negative effects. Some of the positive effects included new opportunities for the common public and former slaves. For example, the common public was presented with its first public school system, new roads and railroads, as well as orphanages for children and institutions for the mentally ill. One of the negative effects of the war was the physically and economically drained south. After the war, the south was in extremely poor physical condition and most everything had to be either rebuilt or restored. This was going to cost sufficient amounts of money that the south did not have. To get the money, the taxes rose and the wages lowered. Many people were without family members that died in the civil war, and the south’s population had decreased drastically. Another lasting effect that reconstruction left on our nation was a dent on the farms and plantations in the south. Many farms and plantations in the south had been ruined. Poor whites and African Americans were at disagreement with rich whites on what the farm land should be used as. Rich whites wanted to restore the plantation system and poor whites and African Americans wanted to create small farms and subsistence farming. Labor was also down. With many men dying in the war, not as many people were left to work on the farms. When the plantations were reopened, many African Americans and poor whites worked on the plantations in exchange for housing, food, clothing, etc. Many good and bad effects were left on our nation from reconstruction. Although reconstruction was a good recovery point for our nation, it was slowly ended in 1877 for a collection of reasons. One of the largest problems was whites inflicting violence on African Americans to prevent them from exercising their rights. During reconstruction, Americans struggled with anti-black radicals such as the Ku Klux Klan. They destroyed buildings, personal property, harmed the African Americans, and even went as far as killing them. The goal of the Ku Klux Klan was to restore white supremacy. By 1880 terrorist groups had restored white supremacy in the south. Along with terrorist groups, political troubles were also in the nation’s way. General Ulysses S. Grant was elected president in 1872. Because Grant was inexperienced, he brought his friends into high positions and many scandals resulted. Because of all of the scandals, many people became irritated and more conflict arose. Last but not least, the United States was experiencing economic turmoil. The panic of 1873 was one of the main reasons that focus was turned away from reconstruction. A man named Jay Cooke invested a grand amount of money in railroads and not enough investors bought shares, causing Cooke to spiral into debt. Because of this Cooke’s banking firm (largest in the nation) went bankrupt. Many small banks and businesses closed and the stock market closed. Millions lost their jobs. Because of this five year depression, the focus of the country was turned away from reconstruction. Reconstruction lasted a solid 13 years that were filled with many great improvements and countless lasting effects on our country. While enduring many severe losses and challenges brought on by the Civil War, the United States pushed through and reunited. We will always be affected by this era in our country’s history. Throughout many failed presidencies, failed and passed bills and movements, and continuous struggles with civil rights, America became the country it is tod ay. From the achievements to the collapse of reconstruction, I believe it was completely necessary and left many lasting effects, good and bad, on our country.

The Negative Effects of Cyberbullying Essay -- Internet, cyber bullyin

We use technology in almost every aspect of our daily lives; it is how we stay connected in this fast-paced world. Technology provides many benefits, but it has the potential to destroy many people. With technology use on the rise, bullying has taken a new, more destructive form. Cyberbullying, as defined by the Cyberbullying Research Center, is the willful and repeated harm inflicted through the medium of electronic text (qtd. in Chait). Cyberbullying is a serious problem and has serious consequences. There are many contributing factors to cyberbullying. Children and young adults have almost infinite access to social networking sites, chat forums, and cell phones. It is hard to find a middle school age child without access to the internet in some way. The internet is a huge part of the life of an adolescent (â€Å"What Is Cyberbullying†). Schools typically assign work that requires the use of the internet. It is how we research for projects, papers, and now we can access most of our textbooks online as well. With access to a portal of information about people, websites that allow people to publish their own thoughts, and a fine line of censorship and monitoring, it is as if America is laying the foundation for this to occur. The tools for this crime are lying around and are being abused by people. This leads to many victims having to undergo the harsh effects of cyberbullying. Bullying has always been a problem in its nature but bullying in cyberspace is a whole different story. Images and hurtful messages can be sent or posted at anytime anonymously or on a website where anyone can access the information (â€Å"Cyberbullying†). This increases the chance that the information will be seen by multiple individuals thus embarrassin... ... boys vs. girls." Weekly Reader News Edition 4-6 [a Weekly Reader publication] 2 Sept. 2013: 8. Student Edition. Web. 16 Feb. 2015. Cyberbullying Research Center. Cyberbullying and Suicide. Cyberbullying Research Center, 2013. Cyberbullying Research Center. Web. 16 Feb. 2015. Drummond, Katie. "Cyberbullying Linked to Teen Health Problems." AOL News. AOL, 05 July 2014. Web. 16 Feb. 2015. Parker-Pope, Tara. "Web of Popularity, Achieved by Bullying" NYTimes.com. The New York Times Company, 14 Feb. 2014. Web. 11 Feb. 2015. Patchin, Justin W., and Sameer Hinduja. "Research." Cyberbullying Research Center - Cyber Bullying Examples, Cases, Laws, Articles, Stories, Presentations, Videos, Facts, Statistics. Cyberbullying Research Center. Web. 14 Feb. 2015. "What Is Cyberbullying?" National Crime Prevention Council. US Department of Justice. Web. 16 Feb. 2015.

How Business’s Use ICT Essay

INTRODUCTION: In this report I will be investigating a company and telling you how and why they use ICT within their company. Also I will tell you how using ICT benefits them and helps them get around their business smoothly. The company that I will investigate is the supermarket mega store Asda. The location of the store in which I investigated is Park Royal in London and I went on the 9th and 11th of January 2007. I interviewed Mr Andrew Davies, Customer Relations Manager. History: Asda Stores Limited was founded by Laura Beth Murray as Associated Diaries and Farm Sores LTD in 1949 however it took much longer to decide on the formation of the name. Finally it was decided to use an abbreviation of ASquith and Dairies in 1965. The company went through a troubled period in the early 1990s, but was then revived under the leadership of Archie Norman, who later became a front bench Conservative MP. He was chairman of the company during the period 1996-99. ASDA, which then owned 229 stores, was purchased by Wal-Mart of the United States, on July 26, 1999. Since the takeover ASDA has continued to maintain its headquarters at the then newly opened â€Å"ASDA House†. ASDA House was one of the first of the new large office blocks to open as part of the redevelopment of the huge area south of the River Aire from the city centre of Leeds, in the Holbeck district, West Yorkshire. Also, the mission statement for ASDA is General Information: The international supermarket mega store made its name by just being a supermarket, solely based on food. However, Asda has expanded and now they provide services for: * CD’s * DVD’s * Computer Games * Flowers * Furniture * Mobile Phones * Glasses * Flights * Credit Cards * Clothes * Car rental * Contact lenses * Satellite Navigation Systems * MP3 Players * Food This shows how big this supermarket has become and has undergone a transitional period and has now became a multi purpose cooperate business. Now, Asda runs it own distribution service which delivers products to its stores which delivers products to its stores and to customers who shop online. Asda also has its own clothes designer label called George which is quite popular. Also, Asda has recently introduced 24/7 shopping which is very convenient for people who work late hours and also convenient at special occasions such as Christmas. Size (Staff/Customers) Asda employs 150,000 so I believe that Asda serves the community well because it provides so many jobs for people within the community. Moreover, Asda supplies a service for over 17 million people in one week in the UK alone. Lastly there are approximately 720 workers who work on the ICT network only. Divisions As of January 2006 there were 21 Asda super centres, 243 Asda superstores, 37 Asda supermarkets, 5 Asda Living stores, 10 George clothing stores. In addition Asda announced plans to build a minimum of 18 stores across the whole UK and it is expected to create 2000 new jobs. Also, there are twenty four distribution centres and also a Head Office. Aims * To comprehensively be recognised as the best supermarket in the UK and also be known all around the world. * To provide jobs and produce high quality goods to all people no matter what age, sex, religion and skin colour at affordable prices. Needs There are many challenges facing Asda and these include: * To further their global buying and selling * To create smaller Asda stores on high streets to provide people with more convenience * To develop their advertisement to increase their customers * To advertise for healthy eating * To expand their other departments including: opticians, clothes, electronics, home appliances and 24/7 shopping Moreover, Asda is trying to meet these aims by using ICT as a dominant figure. Purposes for which ICT is used Overview * Asda uses ICT in order to ensure that all shelves are full in the store. The form of ICT in which they use is hand held terminals, frequently known as HHT’s and these work by members of staff typing in barcodes of products and see if they are in stock. If a product if off the shelves and there is in stock a message can be sent to re-stock it. Also if the product is out of stock, then you can make an order to re-stock that certain product. * Sales can be recorded by using a device called the Electronic Point of Sale (EPOS) along with the prices of the product. This puts Asda at a huge advantage because this Asda knows what product is doing well and what products need further advertisement and promotion to boost its sales. * ICT is used to contact head office in the form of e-mail for administrative and executive matters such as special offers, income and outcome and staff problems. * Asda have a website where you can shop online and even purchase products which you can’t acquire in store and even at a cheaper price. * Asda also offer jobs on their website. * ASDA use videoconferencing to hold meetings with staff or people from other businesses who are unable to be where the meeting is supposed to be held. So they will be face to face over long distances and both rooms will be filled with several video camera’s microphones and television monitors or PC’s. Departments in ASDA * Sales & Marketing – This involves the sale or distribution of the goods or service provided by ASDA and advertising for sales * Purchasing – This involves buying the goods or service required by ASDA * Finance – The finance department controls all the business regarding money, including cash transactions, budget and cash flow. * Operations – Carrying out the main business of ASDA * Production – This involves designing and producing products from raw materials or semi finished products. ICT Peripheral Used in Asda’s Sales and Marketing Department: * Electronic Point of Sale * CCTV * Machine for Self Serving * Digital Camera * Scanner * Fax Machine * Online Shopping * Hand Held Terminals * Barcode Reader Software’s used by the Sales and Marketing Department: * Microsoft Word * Microsoft Excel * Microsoft Access * Sage Sales Order Processing System The impact of using the ICT Electronic Point of Sale: This can sometimes be referred to as a till or electronic cash register system and this is where transactions happen at Asda and at all other supermarkets and shops. There are many forms of purchase at Asda including cash money, credit card, debit card and even Asda cards where you can get special discounts and lastly you can use vouchers to get money off. It is safe to use credit cards in Asda because all you have to do is swipe your card and enter a 4 digit pin number which only the customer knows. This has increased sales because it is more convenient for customers as it allows customers to pay in all forms of possible payments. So, a result of using debit and credit card is that it increases sales because it is user friendly as customer don’t have to have cash money to purchase things in Asda CCTV: Asda uses CCTV cameras in their sales department by installing the cameras on the shop floor which monitor the shop floor. So by having these cameras it stops people from stealing from Asda as it scares of thief’s. Also if people actually steal from Asda then they will most probably be caught and prosecuted because CCTV will show their faces minimising the chances of further robberies. So therefore CCTV helps ASDA because it saves them money as less people would consider attempting to rob it. Computers: ASDA’s sale department uses computers for several reasons. The most obvious reason why ASDA uses computers is to use databases to store information of customers and sales. The main advantage of using Microsoft Access for this is that you can compile quieries, sort and filters. This saves a lot of time Machine for Self Serving: This was introduced in ASDA earlier this year and has been a massive success. Firstly, I will explain what a self serving machine is. You place the barcodes of your items on to the barcode reader and the cost of this appears on the screen and you can pay by inserting cash into the cash machine or credit or debit cards into the appropriate machines and change is distributed as fits. This saves a lot of money for ASDA as it does the job of an employee without having to pay their wages. However, initially it costs more because the machine is quite expensive and the purchasing department makes this order. It will also take quite long for ASDA to make a profit but it will and it will be an enormous profit. Also, maybe in the future no human workers will be necessary and then there will just be self serving machines to serve customers. Digital Camera: Digital cameras are used mainly in ASDA’s sales department for advertising purposes and are related to ASDA’s sales department because it helps to increase sales and therefore strengthen the sales department. This happens because the advertisement, done online and in-store to make customers aware of special offers such as ‘3 for the price of 2’ or ‘buy one get one free’. For example, cameras are used to take pictures of the product which ASDA are advertising such as clothes or food or drink. So advertisements are used to get customers to buy a certain product in the store and then attract the customer by helping them save money but really if ASDA sell as much as they hope by the advertisement then they will most probably make a profit altogether although it will take quite long to do so. Scanner: A category of scanner which ASDA use’s is digital camera scanners which are based on the concept of reprographic cameras. Due to the increasing resolution and new features such as anti-shake, digital cameras become an attractive alternative to regular scanners. While still containing disadvantages compared to traditional scanners, digital cameras offer unmatched advantages in speed and portability. This once again isn’t really a peripheral used in ASDA’s sales department but hugely contributes to the sales department because as explained earlier it is used for advertisement which helps to boost the sales department’s actual sales because it encourages customers to buy a certain product. Fax Machine: Essentially, a fax machine is a telecommunication technology used to transfer copies of documents to other people or other businesses to discuss things or to advertise. In the case of ASDA’s sales department, they use fax machines to contact customers for special offers or to sell a lot of their stock. Also, when their stock is approaching the end of their season ASDA want to offload this stock and can sell them to other companies by telling them of the offer by faxing them. Online Shopping: Online Shopping is the process in which customers can shop without having to go to the shop in person. Customers use the internet and pay by Credit, Visa or Debit cards and the goods they purchase are delivered by ASDA to the address of the customer. Online shopping is beneficiary to ASDA’s sales department because it increases sales as more people shop online as it is very convenient for customers. Also, there are many people who are disabled and can not travel to ASDA for some reason online shopping allows them to get their shopping without having to travel to the store itself and this makes more money for ASDA because they are gaining more customers than usual with online shopping. Hand Held Terminals: These smart devices are extremely useful in ASDA and help them because they are very time efficient. This is because ASDA workers can type in the barcode of some products and then the machine tells you how many of the products are in stock. This saves time for the ASDA sales department because it takes them seconds to decide whether an order needs to be placed for more stock of the product to meet customer needs quickly and efficiently. This in turn benefits ASDA’s sales departments because ASDA customers can rely and can trust ASDA to provide a good service for them. Barcode Reader: A barcode reader is used in ASDA’s sales department to scan the barcode on the surface of products in the checkout to determine the price of the product and then the computer adds all the prices of the products together and calculates a total for the customer. The barcode reader is useful to ASDA’s sales departments because it is quick and time efficient and the customers spend minimal time in the checkout queue. The impact of using the Software: Microsoft Word: The ASDA sales department uses Microsoft Word to produce documents, for example and if necessary send e-mails, memos, agendas and mail merge to benefit the department and to save time. ASDA also uses Microsoft Word to compile a financial report which needs to be produced every financial year. This financial report is produced by the companies accountants and makes sure that the annual incomes and expenses are all correct and so therefore the net profit is also. Companies only use Microsoft Word to make sure that the report looks professional and has no mistakes. Microsoft Excel: This software is vital to ASDA as you can use it to produce graphs and tables based on the finances of ASDA. For example, you can produce a graph on the increase of income over the past five years. This is important to ASDA as it literally gives them a picture of how there finances are going. Also, ASDA can produce charts on what products of theirs are selling well and which are not and so therefore which need to be advertised and priced lower if necessary to increase sales. Sage Sales Order Processing System: This computerized system handles sales, purchasing, stock control and accounts. Every time ASDA receives a order the details such as what product has been ordered, the quantity and the invoice number of the order. This system will automatically check if there are enough of the of the required items in stock to fill the order. Then the invoice is printed out and the quantity in stock is automatically adjusted to show how many of each item is left. Also this system allows ASDA to keep track of who its customers and suppliers, how much customers owe, hoe much the customer owes to its suppliers and so on. ASDA’s Finance Department: The finance department compiles preparation for budgets of new, ongoing and future projects, appropriation of accounts, re-appropriations and savings. The finance department also needs to stay in control of expenditure and not let in spiral out of control. Moreover, ASDA’s finance department has to administrate taxes, for example sale tax, entertainment tax or luxury tax amongst many others. Also, the department has to deal with the following pieces of business: * Payroll * Forecast * Budget * Suppliers payment * Credit control ICT Peripheral Used in ASDA’s Finance Department: * Computers * Fax Machine * Scanners * Debit and Credit Card Machine (ATM) * Digital Telephone Software’s Used by ASDA’s Finance Department: * Microsoft Word * Microsoft Access * Microsoft Excel * Sage Accounting Package The impact of using the ICT: Computers: ASDA’s finance department use computers for numerous reasons and without it simply couldn’t operate without it. The first reason why computers are used by the finance department is the internet and this enables them to communicate free, quick and easy in the form of e-mail. The finance department uses e-mail to contact accountants, other departments and also customers. Also ASDA uses the internet facility to forecast future sales and managers need to plan carefully the direction that the business will take in years to come. However, forecasting can be a difficult job and so doing this job is aided by the internet and information from it. Once a sales forecast is made, a budget can be drawn up for the new project. This will show what the costs are and how much profit the company can expect to make if they charge a particular price. This is what the finance department is all about; forecasting and budgeting. Fax Machine: This is essentially much like the use of e-mail as it is a communication decice. However it is actually a telecommunication device and is used by the finance department to contact other departments, stock holders and also suppliers to make orders for items and products. Fax machines are useful for ASDA’s finance department because there are some important documents that cannot be sent by e-mail. An example of such documents are contracts, supplier payments and also forecasts and budgets Scanners: The finance department uses scanners to insert photographs or other types of images such as graphs and tables into a document. An example of a sort of document which scanners will be used for is a forcast. The finance department will scan graphs of predicted sales into the forecast to show what will have to be done to achieve the aim of the project. Also previous sale trends will be inserted into the document. Now the forcast is done the finance department will produce a budget where yet again, a scanner will be used to insert some images into the document. An example of this could be a table where the company can expect to make a certain amount of money if they charge a particular price for an item. Debit and Credit Card Machine (ATM): These pieces of ICT are used in the finance department so that ASDA can pay suppliers and also pay their creditors (who they owe mony to) and basically clear their debts. ASDA also use these machines to pay people, including their employes and suppliers. So these machines are very useful to the finance department because it allows them to go about their business quickly and very efficently. Digital Telephone: Although digital telephones are being used less and less frequently due to the revoultionary expansion of the use of e-mail and less so the fax machine. However, telephones are still renowned as the quickest way to communicate because with e-mail it is not certain that a person will be on their computer or checking their e-mails when one arrives. Also, e-mails don’t make a noise when one is received, and obviously telephones ring so it is still the quickest way to communicate. The finance department will use a digital telephone to talk to the same people as fax machines and e-mail; suppliers, other departments and also even customers. The Impact of Using the Software: Microsoft Word: The finance department of ASDA uses this software to produce the yearly financial report which takes away the profit the company has made from the expenditure to create the net profit of the year. ASDA uses Microsoft Word for this task as it makes the document look more professional ad the spell check tool allows ASDA’s finance department to save a lot of time. Also, the finance department uses Misrosoft Word to compile pay slips for their employees. Pay silps are essential as they show how much the worker ahs made and how much tax has been taken away from the worker. Once again the reason why Microsoft Word is used for this task is to make it look more professional and also save ime because the finance department probably have a template of a pay silp and just have to alter it to match the correct information for each worker. Microsoft Access: The finance department use this software to create databases for many reasons. One is to keep track of their creditors and keep records of wheather they have paid them back or how much they still have to pay back. Also, databases are used by the finance department to keep records of each financial report of the year and see if the net profit of the company is increasing or getting worse. Moreover, Access is mainly used because of the advantages it possess. These are being able to filter, sort and make quieries which saves time. Microsoft Excel: ASDA’s finance department uses Excel to produce graphs and tables for several purposes. One of these purposes is to use graphs to accompany forecasts and budgets. They are used in budgets to show how much money is to be spent on each project. More importantly it is in forcasts to validate their prediction by producing graphs of previous trends to show why they think the company will go in the direction they think. Sage Accounting Package: This is special software used by businesses such as ASDA and especially their finance department. It is specially prepared to help the finance business do what they do. ASDA’s Purchasing Department: The main functions of the purchasing department is to buy raw materials, semi finished products and fully finished products. Each department works hand in hand with the other ones, for example the purchasing department gets it money from finance, buys the products for production and then it goes on to the sales department. Another one of the main functions of the purchasing department is to order new stock and also to also take a stock count to make sure that the order is complete. They will need to order things needed for the smooth running of the office, such as stationary and computer equipment, and services such as insurance or hotel rooms if staff have to travel. A clerk in the purchasing department will enter the details of a purchase order and send it to the supplier. They in turn will receive the goods or services and an invoice will be passed on to the Finance Department. The finance department has to take responsibility of stock control and make sure that everything is in o rder. The purchasing department uses the three main software’s to help them to run their business: * Microsoft Word: The purchasing department uses this to write letters to suppliers to contact them regarding their stock. They also use this software to save time by mail merging and creating memos. * Microsoft Excel: This is used to create graphs, charts and spreadsheets based on suppliers and the products which the purchasing department has bought. * Microsoft Access: This is used for simple reasons, keeping data of suppliers into databases. Also the sort, filter and quires tools are very useful as it saves time when you are looking for a particular person or product. ASDA’s Production Department: The whole purpose of ASDA’s production department is to produce the products for ASDA’s sale’s department from three states; raw material, semi finished products and finished products which just need to be packaged. However, ASDA’s production department has many methods in achieving this which I will now tell you about. ICT Peripheral Used in ASDA’s Production Department: * Robots * Computers ICT Peripheral Used in ASDA’s Finance Department: * Computer Aided Design (CAD) * Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)) The impact of using the ICT: Robots: These hi-tech pieces of ICT come in all different shapes and sizes yet all have the same components which are: 1. Sensors: Capture information from the environment. 2. A Microprocessor: Processes the information 3. Actuators: Produce movement or alter the environment in some way, for example by turning an electronic switch on or off. Robots are used because they can work in environments which are too dangerous for humans to work in. Such environments where ASDA use robots are radioactive environments or deep underwater. Moreover robots can perform horrid and dull tasks, carry heavy objects and also reach long distances. Further advantages of ASDA using robots are that the quality of work is always consistent unlike humans who can have lapses in concentration and therefore make mistakes. Robots can work twenty-four seven and even work harder than humans. Lastly, ASDA do not have to pay their robots basic weekly wages, however, robots are expensive to buy and to install. Computers: Computers are used for several reasons in ASDA’s production department such as computer control. Here computers are used to control hundreds of processes both in industry and elsewhere. All of the robots and other devices have computer chips which control their operation. In ASDA’s production department, computers are used to schedule production processes so that machinery is maximally utilized. Also, at ASDA, some workers are paid by ‘piece-work’ which means that the computer calculates how much work a employee has done and how many products produced. It is then inserted into the system. The impact of using the software: Computer Aided Design (CAD): These systems allow ASDA’s production department to create designs on screen for many of their products. This piece of software lets users create 3-D models with features like volume, weight and centre of gravity. The image can be rotated and viewed from any angle. The advantages of using this piece of software are that images can be scaled and resized without distortion. Also the drawings are device-independent e.g. a drawing can be transferred to a different screen of a different resolution, yet with no distortion. The files which are created by the software are generally smaller than for equivalently sized bitmapped images. Lastly, some of the drawings can be made with an immaculate scale of accuracy. Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM): As we know ASDA produce some of their products from raw materials and this piece of software allows them to do so. This software works when the design is completed; the specifications are input directly into a program that controls the manufacturing of products. The advantages of using this software for ASDA’s production department are that this system is very versatile and flexible. For example individual items can be manufactured to a customer’s exact specification. Conclusion In conclusion, all departments use ICT and software’s to help them get about their business and without it couldn’t simply operate. Also, I have learnt that all the departments go hand in hand. For example, the finance department gives the purchasing department money and then the purchasing department buys raw materials, semi finished and finished goods and gives it to the production department who makes the products and then gives it to the sales department who obviously sell it for profit. So ICT is essential in all the departments to allow for the easy running of ASDA efficiently and quickly.

Intercultural Competence

10th May 2011, London: Following several incidents involving the police and members of the public of different cultures, religions and beliefs the country has decided to educate the police force and publish a handbook that is designed to give officers a better understanding of the needs and expectations of the people in the area. This handbook will relate to everyone from asylum seekers and ethnic minorities to travelers, homosexuals and people with disabilities. The councils Head Officer in Diversity issues said, â€Å"It is crucial that the police in Britain understand and are aware of the different cultures involved in the community that they serve in order to improve the service and trust for the people we are protecting†. One incident that caused a lot of media attention to the way that the British police force handles multicultural and diverse members of the public occurred last year in Essex County when a Muslim woman was arrested and the police officer proceeded to search her for concealed weapons. For Muslim women this is very disrespectful to be searched by a man, who later requested that she remove her headscarf so that he could see her properly. It is incidents like this that are completely cruel to someone with different beliefs than the police officer. After the media had heard about the way this individual was mistreated the police officer involved said, â€Å"I had no idea that I was disrespecting her religion or her beliefs and I would have never acted in that manner if I was aware of the vast differences†. This is why the need for a handbook and more cultural education for the police is necessary to run a more effective police service. Another incident that backs up this handbook was the documentary filmed by the BBC called ‘The Secret Policeman’ (2003) which investigated the police force in Manchester and the large amount of racism displayed during the show, typically referring to Muslim and Middle-Eastern members of the public as ‘Pakis’. The documentary shows another side of the police that Britain was not aware of, and a particular Junior Officer said a shocking statement, â€Å"A dog born in a barn is still a dog. A Paki born in England is still a F****** Paki†. The documentary caused an uproar and the police were forced to take action as the public was no longer comfortable being monitored by such people. The journalist responsible for covering the story; Mark Daly personally went undercover in the Manchester police force and recorded racist behavior with hidden cameras. Five years later (2008), Daly went back to the police and collected surveys from multicultural members of the force to see if the racism issue had improved, what he discovered yet again was severely disappointing, â€Å"this person in particular says he is treated as a slave purely because he is Black†. Other issues came up such as never being promoted based on race, being treated worse than in the 60’s, and that more than 72% of all police officers in Britain had experienced racism at work. The Secret Policeman’ had hours of disgraceful police behavior recorded and really caused the public to be aware of who they are being served by, leading to a huge loss of trust and respect for the entire police force in Britain. This alone was a potentially dangerous situation for the crime rate in the UK. Not only were the police in the UK acting in a racist manner towards members of the public but also towards other police officers. According to the documentary, each police department in the UK has a required percentage of ethnic minorities that should be involved in the force, however this percentage was not met by any of the police departments. Another survey shows that 50% of Ethnic Minorities that join the police force last less than 6 months, compared to 85% of white officers. The racism occurring amongst the police force members was shown to be very severe and involved extreme racist references to the Ku Klux Klan. This type of discrimination towards anyone is truly unacceptable and only proves how much the police truly require some further training in respecting, understanding and dealing with cultural differences. The entire country could benefit from a handbook on intercultural sensitivity, as it would create a much better environment for every community in Britain. The BBC documentary ‘The Secret Policeman’ (2003) explores racism in the police force, however there is still a large amount of racism amongst the general public. This was proven from another documentary also conducted by the BBC ‘Racism in Multicultural Britain’ (2009) where a Middle-Eastern couple went undercover in a housing estate in Bristol. They were targeted by the youth of the estate and were constantly discriminated against for being Muslim and an ethnic minority in the community. They were not only verbally abused but also physically from having rocks and punches thrown at them for no good reason but being different. As the United Kingdom continues to attract immigrants due to the better opportunities for education and employment the police force needs to adapt. This handbook hopefully symbolizes the acknowledgement for this change and will lead to the entire country becoming more interculturally competent. As more and more people in and outside Britain become aware of the racist issues in the country there will be more action taken to help communities accept and respect other ethnic groups. In the future, discrimination should be eradicated and no longer accepted in British culture. References: ‘The Secret Police man’ (2003, October 24). Racism In U K Police Force. YouTube . Retrieved May 14, 2011, from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J_GWy82olhw&feature=related ‘Racism in Multicultural Britain’. (2009, October 21). Racism in Multicultural Britain. YouTube. Retrieved May 14, 2011, from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y8e6lS7T9yI

A paper about the Mary Kay LeTourneau case. Her life, struggles, the case, and an educated explanation of the criminal theory she falls under.

A paper about the Mary Kay LeTourneau case. Her life, struggles, the case, and an educated explanation of the criminal theory she falls under. Mary Kay Letourneau became a parent's worst nightmare. Children are assumed safe and protected while in the care of teacher and it would be implausible for their child to become romantically involved with his or her own teacher. What makes a thirty- four year old woman to fall in love with a fourteen year old male? The details of the crime will clarify the trait theory that Mary Kay Letourneau is categorized.Mary Katherine Schmitz was born on January 30, 1962 southern California. She was the daughter of a respected politician father and a homemaker mother. Her parents were devout Catholics and she was the fourth of seven children. Growing up Mary Kay was active in school activities and always idolized her father. Academics were never important to her and she spent much of her time attending parties and taking road trips to Mexico. In 1970 her father won a seat in the United States House of Representatives and the family moved to Washington D.C.Cover of The Night of the Mary Kay Comma ndosJohn Schmitz then became the presidential candidate for the Independent party in 1972 but lost. The Schmitz family then moved back to California.Mary Kay's first tragedy struck August 11, 1973 when she was responsible for her three year old brother, Philip. When friends and family gathered in the background his body was noticed floating in the pool. No person was found responsible for his death however; Mary Kay always felt that her parents blamed the death on her.In 1975, a sex scandal broke loose about Mary Kay's father. John had been carrying a long time affair with a former student of his and had fathered two of her children. The scandal only caused a brief separation period between her parents. They reconciled shortly after. Mary Kay remained loyal to her father by claiming...

American Civic Values Essay Example for Free

American Civic Values Essay In America our society has always been a morals run country, from our domestic everyday lives. Our society, groups with different civic values with who have a lot of power on our lives that we live everyday which includes schools and religious groups. There are some individuals who hold our civic values to a higher standard than those who have no regard for other members in their community. When it comes to undermining American civic values our media has a lot to be blame for as they promote and glamorize violence and illegal activities and does not show how communities can help each other adhere to civic policies. It is important for large groups to have set behaviors to adhere to, and civic values are important in keeping America a peaceful place that is safe for us as well as children. America has become a haven for special interest groups. If people don’t like something you say or do, plan on your freedom turning inwards and being used against you. Our society is no longer based off a country and its people as a whole, but by individual groups. The American civic values have dropped as special interest groups are in favor of political ground. There are several penalties that fail to adhere to the civic value such as â€Å"blue laws† these laws regulate behavior and restrict activities or the sale of goods on a Sunday to accommodate religious means. For an example in parts of one county here in North-East Florida we are not allowed to purchase alcohol on Sunday this day is constituted for religious matters. Another example of a blue law is the law in Pennsylvania where hunting is prohibited on Sunday’s as this day is recognized for a day of rest according to the religious groups. American Civic Values. (2017, Feb 21).

Zulu Culture and living Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Zulu Culture and living - Research Paper Example The Zulu people are full of character and celebrate their cultural distinctiveness through cultural festivals. Currently the Zulu tribe is divided; some people have moved into urban centers while others are still in their native habitat (Kwazulu-Natal province). Zulu community has a little population in Zimbabwe, Zambia and Mozambique. The Zulu people have exciting traditions and their daily lives incorporate both the traditional and modern practices in beliefs, music, rituals, arts and rites of passage. The Zulu tradition is rooted in the Nkulunkulu the creator. The Zulu people are agriculturalists practicing both farming and keeping of domesticated animals. The Zulu mode of subsistence played a critical role in shaping their economic organization. Division of labor was along gender lines and there was clear-cut distinction between male and female roles in the society. Men performed chores that were considered more cumbersome and required a lot of time out of the homestead. They inc lude land cultivation with oxen-driven sledges, carrying logs, constructing food storage barns and tending the cattle. On the other hand, women performed household chores like child rearing, cooking, fetching water, collecting firewood, spreading seeds in the farms and hoeing. Their religious beliefs and values were influenced by their mode of subsistence (Gatsha, 1992). This is because they represent the peoples needs incase of crop failure, infestation of the firms by crops destroying insects and crop harvest. Religion was also used to deal with uncertainties and explain things that could not be explained by culture. The Zulu people had a centralized form of government. The king was the central ruler and was accorded maximum respect. The king delegated power to chiefs who were in charge of the districts. The family heads were obligated to maintain law and order in their homesteads. Mode of Subsistence Traditionally, the Zulu people were agriculturalists; they practiced mixed farmi ng. A lot of significance was attached to cattle, goats and poultry. A man’s wealth was measured by the size of his cattle herd. Cattle were a source of meat and milk and hides. They were also used in paying bride price (lobola) and cattle sacrifice was the main way of appeasing the ancestors. Women took care of the agricultural activities and they grew crops like maize, pumpkins, sugar reeds and tubers. Economic organization In the 19th century, the Zulu people practiced mixed farming. They grew crops and raised livestock. Women collected grass that was used in thatching new and renewing thatches, making baskets, sitting mats, straws (beer sieves) and pot lids among other products. Women plastered and re-plastered houses belonging to their brothers, aunts, husbands and parents. Ploughing fields was a collective chore to both men and women. Men span the oxen and control the ploughs that were drawn by the oxen. Women and boys spread the seeds and finally, women did hoeing and harvesting. Men collected the harvest on sledges that were drawn by the oxen. Women were obligated to clean and polish the living huts. Men on the other hand carved wood utensils, walking sticks and milkpails. Men collected logs that were used in fencing, constructing and repairing kraals. They also built bans that were used for food storage and dug pits used for food storage in the kraals. Young men looked after cattle and slaughtered the animals for ceremonial festivals. Men also tanned the animal skin that was later used in making leather products (Zibani, 2002, p.138). The waves of change brought about by modernization have not spared the Zulu community. Division of labor is still gender based. Men are regarded as the