Examples of Concluding Sentences

<h1>Examples of Concluding Sentences</h1><p>One of the most ideal approaches to survey the sorts of proclamations an understudy can make is by taking a gander at instances of finishing up sentences. Obviously, this may sound somewhat unrealistic however, with regards to offering a last expression for a test or in a paper, this will prove to be useful. All things considered, what understudy needn't bother with that additional push when the educator or teacher needs them to give an end to their arguments?</p><p></p><p>Sentences that close should be finished before the finish of an exercise or show. The announcement, things being what they are, is remembered for the editing for the class. Truth be told, it is the thing that will assist understudies with remaining focused and push ahead with their task. On the off chance that an understudy doesn't utilize a finishing up sentence as a subordinate to their contention, it will appear on their test.& lt;/p><p></p><p>The most ideal approach to audit sentences that close with is to just glance through instances of finishing up sentences and record them. This will assist you with recollecting how they will function in your composition and furthermore help you recognize what precisely you have to utilize them for.</p><p></p><p>The first thing you should do is note what the understudy's closure really is. Obviously, you would prefer not to simply go with the most well-known consummation yet rather you need to ensure you can enable your understudy to express what is on their mind in the best manner conceivable. This is the place your underlying sentence comes in. You need to ensure you can express what is on your mind with the best possible sentence in a sentence that closes in a question.</p><p></p><p>A shutting sentence is one that truly pushes your point over. It is significant that you comprehend what your unders tudies are stating. Obviously, they are making their best focuses for the conversation however they are likewise trying sincerely and, for this situation, experiencing difficulty thinking of sentences that finish up with some different option from a question.</p><p></p><p>Finally, you have to utilize the last passage of your last exposition or class report to set up the last thing. Keep in mind, you need to remember everything for the absolute starting point so you don't feel surged. This is likewise where you will start to layout what is being discussed in the start of the piece. This will assist your understudies with understanding why you incorporated their primary concerns and furthermore why you have incorporated the entirety of their supporting points.</p><p></p><p>Remember, in the event that you need to audit your understudy's announcements, at that point you have to ensure that the fundamental thoughts that you are attempting t o make are featured. In your last passage, you need to ensure that you have everything explained for the peruser. It is additionally indispensable that you remember an end sentence for request to give your peruser some conclusion. Additionally, on the off chance that you plan on denoting your understudy's article for excellent grades, at that point you should give your understudy something to think back on and think about when the person in question takes a gander at the paper.</p>

Business Management Topics For Graduation Paper

Business Management Topics For Graduation PaperBusiness management topics for graduation paper is the choice of many new graduates, as well as those who have already gone through such a formal study. They are usually chosen to speak on what they have done in their position and their experience in order to show their potential employers that they can be an asset to their company.The first thing to keep in mind when you select business management topics for graduation paper is that it should be informative and have clear benefits for the employer. You want them to know why you will be a good fit for their company. If you come with something that may not be a very useful piece of information, then it's going to be difficult to get a job and be hired.Another thing to keep in mind when writing business management topics for graduation paper is that they need to be written in a manner that will be easily understood by those who are reading them. You need to show your potential employer tha t you have the ability to write a simple and clear idea that will be easily understandable to your intended audience. If you attempt to write it in an obscure language, then you are likely to fail badly.The final thing to keep in mind when selecting business management topics for graduation paper is that you need to have an actual and unique idea that speaks to the specific type of company that you are going to be working for. There is no need to repeat what you did in school or what you learned in school. Make sure that you provide something of interest and value to the company.Business management topics for graduation paper are also given as a reflection of the position that you are going to be filling. For example, if you are the CFO of a company, then you are the one that is going to be hiring. Therefore, you will want to make sure that the paper speaks of your accomplishments and the steps that you took to bring them about.People will be looking at your paper after a few weeks or maybe even a short time if you are a part of a senior management team. It's important that you give them a clear idea of how you performed as a leader in your field and that you demonstrate that you can handle anything that might come your way in the future.Speaking of your resume, the only other place where you can include business management topics for graduation paper is when you submit it for an interview. Make sure that you give a true and honest account of your accomplishments, just as you would in any other situation. Remember that when you are talking about yourself, you will want to make sure that you are making sure that your own accomplishments speak for themselves.In the end, business management topics for graduation paper should show how a person can be an asset to the company and why they should be given a chance. A small sample of some of the most common topics is listed below.

The Importance of Inequality Topics for Essay

The Importance of Inequality Topics for Essay The paper should be given to the elements for contrasts in installment that is provided to people for the indistinguishable work done and flexibly potential arrangements. Your paper may fixate on sexual orientation issues from various areas of the world, for example, ladies rights in the Middle East, etc. Some have even been chosen for lead various people, for instance, the occasion of Queen Elizabeth of the uk. Inquires about show that imbalances are as yet present now notwithstanding in years past however with some minor changes dependent on the countries. Supreme destitution is hard to characterize in light of the fact that it is hard to state what absolutely the constraint of endurance is. In certain nations with assorted races, training is offered in a style that is inconsistent. Today, the topic of sexual orientation fairness and sex examines is amazingly well known all around the globe. The Ugly Secret of Inequality Topics for Essa y Luckily, there's a small advancement on the issue. The presentation is a noteworthy bit of the sexual orientation uniformity exposition. There are a great deal of issues which play a significant capacity to the advancement of imbalance in training. There is one fundamental methods for guaranteeing that you're not separating others in your sexual orientation inquire about article. The sexual orientation contemplates exist to expand comprehension of the possibility of sex and between sexes for the most part. In the cutting edge society, it implies far beyond it used to. One of irrefutably the most significant explanation we have imbalance is because of our own conviction. Disparity Topics for Essay Ideas Such imbalance at work outcomes to a serious low creation on account of ladies coming up short on the inspiration to take care of business. Abstract destitution is progressively hard to gauge since it varies starting with one individual then onto the next. For instance, in most of t he working environment, practically the entirety of the all day employments just have a place with the male. In a couple of nations, networks don't allow the female to consider. All things considered, all of them would appear in the general rundown. By counseling, you can be sure of what you're composing and exploring subsequently keeping away from insignificant subtleties. You will find that loads of the subjects can be adjusted to suit practically any sort of composing task. At precisely the same time, you'll have enough time basically to set yourself up for shielding, the discussion with the director pretty much the entirety of the subtleties and subtleties. The Battle Over Inequality Topics for Essay and How to Win It furthermore, by contending for the opposite side of your conclusion, you will realize which focuses you should better address in your paper. Additionally, it's important to perceive the sort of sexual orientation fairness article in order to make your composing eff ective. At the point when you make the exposition, you have to pick 1 side to focus on. At the point when you reconsider your article, you must ensure its association is totally suitable to your target group, the paper setting, and the goal. The Fundamentals of Inequality Topics for Essay Revealed In this sort of circumstance, it's progressively advantageous to find instant expositions and use them for instance. Regarding the association of the last paper, it's encouraged to utilize a 5-section structure. To sum up, sexual orientation fairness contentious article themes are very wide and provoking employment to manage. Simply make certain it's a PROCESS! Most of the people tend to flee from governmental issues and subsequently the legislative issues papers as well, thusly it is very essential to get the enthusiasm of the perusers till the finish of the exposition and that would be a lot of troublesome I know. Along these lines, to compose an incredible article you have to conceptual ize all considerations concerning your background. Disregarding the sexual orientation fairness factious paper points you're composing, avoid separating others. Significantly, you should consider how to form pugnacious paper acquaintance and permit it with be viable. You will discover increasingly about the subject, and you'll have more jargon words to enhance the exposition. School application article points are a fundamental bit of an engaging and convincing piece of composing. Thoughts, Formulas and Shortcuts for Inequality Topics for Essay There's imbalance all over. Sexual orientation imbalance is in this way a sort of disparity that is unmistakable from various types of financial and cultural imbalances. Among the most seasoned sorts of social treachery on earth, it has been around the scene for a long time. For the most part, it has prompted unfriendly ramifications for the individuals in the networks. While it is anything but a poor thing, it talks a ton about how sex imbalance slip up occurred in the absolute first spot. Each general public has its own techniques to choose the zone in the chain of importance and in specific conditio ns, when an individual involves a specific spot in the progression it may be hard to change however that relies altogether upon the general public they live in. In this way, the sex doesn't mean anything. African American youngsters face a lot of foul play when it respects getting discipline in their schools. Imbalance Topics for Essay - Overview Aside from that, sexual orientation exposition is like an eye-opener to understudies. Sexual orientation segregation and correspondence are among the most disputable themes that understudies may expound on. Prior to DADA, gay people would be in a split second released from the military basically because of their sexual directions. The cost of your specially designed paper will be dependent upon the speed of conveyance. Kindly recall that individual experience is amazingly basic in sexual orientation contemplates, it can offer you a couple of bits of knowledge and direct you through the technique for your exploration, however in any case, it can't be the all around applicable information. The issues likewise have issues that exist the world over with respect to sex. On the off chance that it's conceivable to compose a truly persuading piece on a genuine application using interesting realities and research, at that point your chances of accepting admission to a top level college will without a doubt develop! The Unexposed Secret of Inequality Topics for Essay Critical reasoning is what's going to make your article stick out. Exposition Edge is a web paper altering asset that guides with scholastic and confirmations articles. Article layout makes it conceivable to structure your work alongside picking realities that help your essential thoughts of the exposition. Getting the Best Inequality Topics for Essay You see, the shows of English articles are to some degree more conventional than you may might suspect and, in an assortment of ways, it very well may be as simple as tallying to five. What's in perused is the thing t hat I've included and it replaces what's striked through. For instance, you might be composing an exposition contending that people should drink less espresso. So right away, underneath are some powerful composing tips to create your regular application paper stick out! In the event that You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Inequality Topics for Essay Gender equity is a subject that ordinarily incites a mess of contra forms along with contentions. It's imperative to stay compact notwithstanding proficient. So as to totally complete the task on sexual orientation segregation, you should create your own special significant theme. The subject of sexual orientation is an extremely wide subject.

Religion, Private Property, And Politics - 1789 Words

Taylor O’Sullivan Religion, private property, and politics combined to benefit the common good Religion and private property are thought to be exceedingly influential in regards to politics, and many political theorists would agree with this statement. John Locke, an imperative leader in the Enlightenment movement in Europe, thoroughly expresses the relationship between government, religion, and private property in his writing, The Two Treatises of Government. Locke examines his belief that all humans are free and equal by nature, and they have the the right to life, liberty, and private property. Locke believes that man has the duty to preserve, of preservation, and means of preservation (private property) to thank God for putting us on†¦show more content†¦Before examining the relationship between private property, religion, and politics, it is imperative to recognize the historical context as to what was happening at the time when John Locke wrote The Two Treatises of Government. Locke began to articulate his views, particularly in The Two Treatise of Government, during the Glorious Revolution in late 17th century England. This revolution involved the removal of James II, a Stuart, from England due to his absolutist and catholic tendencies, because the majority of English people were Anglican at the time. Locke, along with many other people, felt threatened when James II began to ‘pack’ parliament with his friends and supporters. This was a huge problem, because parliament is in charge with representing the people, protecting their rights as English citizens, which includes freedom of speech and property. Eventually, James II left England for France in exile, and King William and Queen Mary became the new leaders. They signed the English Bill of Rights to protect certain civil liberties, and in terms of property, the Bill of Rights states that taxes cannot be levied without consent from Parliament. Taxes can be a direct threat to someone’s property; if an individual cannot afford to pay their taxes, they will lose their p roperty. In sum, John Locke writes The Two Treatises of Government the exact same year as the Glorious Revolution, to express why James II was

How to Choose a Premiumessays Review

<h1>How to Choose a Premiumessays Review</h1><p>A premiumessays audit is a short article about the administrations gave by a site that allows you to survey the organization you are thinking about as a supplier of premiumessays.com premium substance administrations. You can utilize this survey to assist you with choosing if you ought to settle on the organization or not. It is a superior method of understanding the things you would hope to discover in the organization you are going to pick, since it will be founded on your own understanding and furthermore the experience of others who have utilized the site before.</p><p></p><p>The audit is fundamentally a report of the encounters of individuals who have purchased and bought premiumessays.com administrations from the site. In this, you will locate some accommodating data about the nature of the items and administrations offered by the organization and furthermore about the price.</p>< p></p><p>The motivation behind why an audit is so useful is on the grounds that it offers you a chance to become acquainted with about how the organization works and what they are about. For the most part, the survey is composed with the utilization of a one-sided perspective. Thusly, you can get an impression of the entire organization dependent on your own view, not founded on the perspective of another analyst. Subsequently, the audit you get from it is reliable.</p><p></p><p>Because of the ubiquity of the site, there are several survey locales out there that allow you to peruse and assess surveys. In any case, since the substance is generally one-sided in nature, it is difficult to make any judgment of the organization dependent on its own survey alone.</p><p></p><p>There are a great deal of audits accessible on the web and it is significant that you read them cautiously. Normally, they originate from individuals who have had some involvement with utilizing the premiumessays.com site and obviously, there is no uncertainty that they are one-sided in the manner they see the organization. In this manner, it isn't prudent to consider the fair-minded audits and just depend on the surveys composed by individuals who had a little involvement with utilizing the site.</p><p></p><p>The best piece of a premiumessays survey is that you can get a genuine image of the business and administrations offered by the organization. The way that it is composed by the organization itself, you realize that it will be to their greatest advantage to furnish you with the best quality administrations that can give you amazing an incentive for money.</p><p></p><p>In the universe of web advertising, these audits are a lot of essential on the grounds that there are an excessive number of online organizations that don't generally offer enough data to customers about the administ rations they offer. You have to comprehend and check the realities of the organization before you conclude whether to pick the administrations offered or not. This is a flat out need since it gives you a reasonable thought of what the organization is all about.</p><p></p><p>Read the survey before you choose and don't simply take what the commentator says at face esteem. It is in every case great to direct some examination on the web about the organization before you settle on any choice on the administrations you need to buy.</p>

How to Choose Essay Topics about Hockey

<h1>How to Choose Essay Topics about Hockey </h1> <h2> Understanding Essay Topics about Hockey</h2> <p>Drivers should keep an eye out for the numerous youthful people playing hockey in the road. It might be fascinating to discuss the noteworthiness of sports throughout understudy's life and handle some of the issues that undergrads face in school. The best discussions in sports history live on perpetually on the grounds that there will never be a legitimate answer regardless. </p> <p>When you need any help about the games contentious exposition themes, there is only 1 stop shop that will give everything that you request. Right now you should discard your longing or torment to certain games components in light of the fact that the noteworthy point is to verify that you pick the games subject that it is conceivable to deal with sufficiently. In the event that you like it is conceivable to look on the web and discover one that you like. Perhaps you thought you learned progressively because of the web format.</p> <p>You may locate there's a convincing contention for learning another dialect all things considered! In the event that you might want to manage some progressively detailed issues which don't talk about points of interest of sports however rather focus on discussed subjects rather, take a gander at utilizing one of the following games themes to expound on cutting edge inconveniences. The significant point is to portray different hierarch ical examples. There are loads of configurations of review and you need to comprehend the central contrasts about them so you can compose whatever you were mentioned to compose. </p> <p>Some people contend about games more than all else, which could be viewed as insane thinking about all the bigger issues on the planet. It can in like manner be common sexual want and desire between two individuals who may or probably won't be infatuated with one another. At the point when a relationship between two individuals should be enthusiastic, it for the most part implies they are frantically, profoundly enamored with one another. Simply select the subject you had always wanted and start changing individuals' minds.</p> <h2> If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Essay Topics about Hockey </h2> <p>Even the manufactured fields are now and again blue. Sports explore paper themes spread a wide assortment of fields. The business associated with spo rts should be under the domains of the administration of the country. Investigate the advancement of sports for the crippled in your country. </p> <p>Also, it's a notable game and an interesting game that loads of countries play. Yet, should you look further into the noteworthiness of field hockey, you will find a totally extraordinary importance. </p> <p>Not for even a second which I thought she'd permit me to see her play. In the event that you didn't have any aptitude, at that point you wouldn't be in a situation to play the game, since you would be not able to score or guard your target. Who knows, maybe you will incline toward this game! The game has numerous principles that must be trailed by each group so a reasonable play can be run. </p> <h2> Essay Topics about Hockey Options</h2> <p>Please connect with us with any inquiries you may have. It was among the best emotions I had ever felt. Normally, it's the themes you may have a little snicker about! Regardless of this issue, you could generally depend on their assistance! </p> <p>A proposal must be doubtful like in a factious or enticing paper to make the perusers wish to discuss. Sadly, only one out of every odd understudy can discover with a fabulous subject for a factious article without anyone else. This is the explanation we giv e the perfect article composing administration. We've given exceptionally particular and general themes paper which are normally alloted to understudies in the school. </p> <p>Our nation has made a phenomenal record in the strength of hockey in the wake of winning the six Olympic gold decorations and separate sequential matches. You'll likewise discover two got objectives that are arranged at the finish of every arena. Indian has gotten the best on the planet in the matter of hockey for quite a while. There's a sharp rivalry at the worldwide level. </p> <h2> Ok, I Think I Understand Essay Topics about Hockey, Now Tell Me About Essay Topics about Hockey!</h2> <p>There are a few sorts of levels of hockey. You'll get pushed to the floor however it's up to you on the off chance that you get up and continue battling. Hockey makes are continually endeavoring to build shoulder braces so this injury won't occur. To play hockey in a safe way there are a fe w riggings and gear that shield a player from the basic injury. </p> <h2> Essay Topics about Hockey Secrets That No One Else Knows About </h2> <p>Trust me, it will be well justified, despite all the trouble. Sports is a fundamental segment of day by day life. Energy can in like manner be the object of an individual's excitement. It tends to be communicated from multiple points of view, and in a wide range of circumstances. </p> <h2>The Little-Known Secrets to Essay Topics about Hockey </h2> <p>If you've at any point taken an on-line class, you see how unique it tends to be from an ordinary up close and personal course. In case you're thinking about buying a thing you will in any case have next schedule year, consider pulling out the card yet you should be cautious. You ought to likewise think about the amount of data promptly accessible to you about the subject you're hurrying towards. On the other side, some contend that the cost of s chool leaves understudies with devastating obligation they'll never be able to repay.</p>

AP Exam and Essay Samples - Which Is Better?

<h1>AP Exam and Essay Samples - Which Is Better?</h1><p>Many understudies wonder on the off chance that they should utilize the AP test and exposition, for and against test answers. Some will and some won't. The truth of the matter is that the AP test and article tests have their own points of interest and impediments which will be talked about here.</p><p></p><p>For understudies who are as of now brilliant, it might be anything but difficult to make sense of which test is positive or negative. Be that as it may, for understudies who may not be as shrewd as others, it tends to be somewhat confounding. There is no preferred time over now to start taking a gander at the article test inquiries before your AP Exam and test day.</p><p></p><p>Students with various kinds of attitudes will in general investigate the exposition test to discover the response for an inquiry. On the off chance that you are an individual who search es for the most appropriate answer first and last, at that point it might be the most fitting response for you. This individual will in general gander at the example as a premise and doesn't generally think much about the structure of the test. You may discover this individual extremely difficult to if you don't mind as it will be difficult to make sense of what the inquiry should be.</p><p></p><p>For an understudy who knows the response for an inquiry yet not the structure of the test, it is ideal to simply attempt the example first. The test will have enough practice inquiries without noting different ones. You may even be able to return and re-step through the exam in the event that it isn't excessively very much filled in. Regardless of whether you figure the example might be acceptable, it will take more work than other exams.</p><p></p><p>All of the tests have varieties. What one individual sees as a decent example might be diffi cult for someone else to comprehend. Indeed, even the structure of the test will fluctuate from individual to person. In the event that you know the structure of the test, at that point it will be simpler for you to figure out what kind of test is best for you. At the point when understudies begin to take a gander at and against exposition tests, they can see the favorable position or hindrance of the appropriate response. They will see whether the structure is clear or not. This encourages them choose which answer is ideal and which one is not.</p><p></p><p>While there might be numerous points of interest of the example test, it is likewise simple to locate its numerous hindrances. The fundamental destruction is that it is an inquiry and not a test. It doesn't assist understudies with getting a handle on the significance of the subject or focal point of the exam.</p><p></p><p>Students may find that they may possibly investigate and ag ainst exposition tests when the test day comes around. This gives them an opportunity to concentrate on the test and ensure that they comprehend everything before it is even given. This can help set them up for the real test, which is significant for AP exams.</p>

Tips For Writing College Board Essay Questions

<h1>Tips For Writing College Board Essay Questions</h1><p>You have presumably been asked to finish school board exposition inquiries, a sort of composing that ought to be finished by a genuine individual. Numerous individuals believe that school board article questions are anything but difficult to reply. All things considered, a great deal of the work you do is really of an intricate sort. In this article I will share a few hints for finding and composing exposition points that are structured explicitly for school board paper questions.</p><p></p><p>The initial step is to concentrate regarding the matter or subject of the article. Numerous understudies wrongly try to cover everything in one article, since they don't comprehend that the more they spread the less helpful the paper will be. You ought to compose a paper about a specific theme that you feel extremely energetic about.</p><p></p><p>Choose the subject of your article well so you will have the option to compose on it with incredible joy. Try not to utilize your own insight as a base, as it won't help you much. The subject ought to be new and fascinating. In the event that it has been around for some time, you may wind up composing an average essay.</p><p></p><p>While you are looking into your topic, you should likewise remember the arrangement you will utilize. School board paper questions are commonly written in the A-structure and numerous understudies attempt to cover all the topics in it. Be that as it may, this typically brings about a troublesome and uninteresting essay.</p><p></p><p>Also attempt to follow the rules of the article subject. Only one out of every odd subject must have a theory explanation, nor does each exposition need in the first place an end. Ensure that you have an end, however on the off chance that the theme isn't a proposal articulation don't stress a lot over it . The explanation behind doing this is to stay away from mess and to permit you to compose adequately and efficiently.</p><p></p><p>Some points may not contain a proposition articulation, however it is still best to follow the exposition subject. It will make your theme additionally intriguing and ideally it will lead you to locate a palatable proposition proclamation. Simply ensure you don't begin your exposition point with 'in light of the fact that'. This will truly detract from the progression of the essay.</p><p></p><p>Remember that a proposal proclamation isn't required in most article themes. A few people accept that the issue with a postulation articulation is that it begins the article off with an inappropriate subject. You should never let your proposal explanation eclipse the topic you began the article with.</p><p></p><p>So you should look into your topic completely before you even beginning composit ion. By following these tips you will make certain to deliver a magnificent article that will be valued by your teachers and you will likewise figure out how to compose better exposition points that are planned explicitly for school board paper questions.</p>

How to Choose An College Essay about Me

<h1> How to Choose A College Essay about Me</h1> <p>And once we compose confirmation papers for understudies, that isn't any special case. It isn't amazing that heaps of understudies grapple with how to make a paper with higher caliber and in time. Understudies are frequently asked to clarify the explanation behind what valid reason they need to find out about a particular school or scholarly field in these supplemental papers, which are slanted to be shorter than the most significant article. Try not to reorder precisely the same exposition for every single school. </p> <p>Essays are produced using scratch with authors adhering to exacting guidelines provided by the client. In contrast to different sorts of schoolwork, they can be a genuine issue for any understudy. Composing expositions for school is likely going to be a difficult method. </p> <h2> The a College Essay about Me Stories </h2> <p>But sooner or later, you may require a unique point of view. Inside my feeling, obtaining your very own prosperous profession is among the best things you'll have the option to achieve. When you continue with the installment our essayist is probably going to begin taking a shot at your buy right away! For instance, instead of saying I was the absolute best debater in my group, which is the motivation behind why I am commander, you could examine the motivation behind why you're so energetic about whatever theme you discussed that day.</p> <h2> Top Choices of a College Essay about Me</h2> <p>Also, article co mposing requires a mess of time, which you could be inadequate. Creating an exposition is a superior gadget of learning contrasted with looking at for example, because of the way that if you can compose concerning what you've found notwithstanding looked at, it as a rule implies that you've fathomed the material totally. What's more, this is basically the situation to request that someone make my paper. </p> <p>At this time, it's going be helpful to examine a why us exposition which works and make sense of exactly what the creator did to make an important answer for this difficult inquiry. Whenever that you are looking for an on-line article essayist, get in touch with us! I'll give you a few proposals on changing your thoughts and investigation into a genuine article. We might want you to satisfy that you don't need to dedicate a lot of time searching for the absolute best article essayist. </p> <p>Therefore, in the event that you like to arrange any paper composing, we are substance to help you. In the event that you picked to acknowledge the assistance from our on-line administration to help you with school papers, you should put your request for an application or some other kind of article and watch for the finished piece. On the off chance that you comprehend that you've misread the brief in the focal point of your composing technique, it's vital for you to begin composing again from the very beginning. Endeavoring to make a paper when you have zero second, no energy and completely zero inspiration the vast majority of us realize how ghastly it is. </p> <p>By method of model, a why us exposition may talk about how fascinating XYZ interdisciplinary venture is and the manner in which it fits pleasantly with your senior task. Being evaluated the absolute best in the region, we will have the option to assist you with introducing an expert task inside the se t up cutoff time. You don't need to be stressed over the cutoff time, designing, and sentence structure since we are the absolute best in the business. </p> <p>It can sound as an errand, and it'll positively take a generous whole of work. Second, that you'll be a generally excellent fit for the organization. In the first place, I'll examine the prep work you should do. Any progressions will be delivered as quickly as conceivable inside the dispensed fourteen-day time frame. </p> <h2> What You Need to Do About a College Essay about Me Before It's Too Late </h2> <p>In this way, you will help your chances to locate the greatest grade. You should simply put in your request with determined directions and we will deal with the rest. On the off chance that you might want to spend less, at that point think about requesting ahead of time. You need to create an exceptional school program, which implies you will probably peruse it and over again so as to mak e sure there are no grammatical errors and spelling and language structure blunders. </p> <p>Try our administrations as you will be working with the best authors available. There are loads of dangers related with picking the reasonable tweaked article administrations. Our administration performs errands in pretty much all controls! It works nonstop, so don't stop for a second to get in touch with us for help. </p>

Writing Argumentative Essay Topics With Animals

<h1>Writing Argumentative Essay Topics With Animals</h1><p>Argumentative exposition points with creatures are the ideal method to communicate your contemplations, emotions and sentiments. They likewise give an incredible gathering to you to add to the rich writing of the human species. Being a creature is a piece of what our identity is. We have made significant progress from our progenitors, who may have lived in nooks or caverns and probably ate crude meat.</p><p></p><p>It is a typical truth that numerous people have lost their lives because of yearning, illness and misuse. This has left us more astute and progressively mindful. While the solid willed human will in the long run surrender to this sort of stress, those with a progressively accommodating nature are regularly ready to stay on their feet and proceed with life. There are numerous favorable circumstances of composing an enticing article with animals.</p><p></p>&l t;p>The first bit of leeway of composing an exposition with creatures is that it can give you a ground-breaking contention. It might appear as though an odd comment when you are contending that it isn't right to slaughter creatures. It is right to slaughter creatures. It isn't right to do as such without first endeavoring to pick up their collaboration and permission.</p><p></p><p>This is the initial move towards contentious article themes with creatures. It isn't sufficient to state your convictions. You should persuade them regarding your right convictions. The higher the likelihood that they concur with you, the all the more persuading you will be.</p><p></p><p>Some contentions may include particular sorts of creatures, for instance, cows, chickens, mutts and pigs. A decent prologue to these sorts of creatures is additionally acceptable. This will give you a thought of what they resemble and how you can speak with them utilizing the creatures they know about. This is the most ideal approach to begin writing.</p><p></p><p>You should consistently recollect that creatures are individuals as well. In the event that they don't feel furious or glad about something, this doesn't mean they concur with you. Rather, it implies they are feeling an alternate feeling. It can likewise imply that they are seeing things in an unexpected manner in comparison to we do.</p><p></p><p>It is imperative to pick up the consideration of the creature being referred to. The most widely recognized approach to do this is to get them to concentrate on you. This requires a touch of tolerance and aptitude, yet it is well justified, despite all the trouble when you are at last ready to pick up their attention.</p><p></p><p>When you are composing a paper with creatures, you should make certain to utilize the fitting creatures and not to utilize an inappropriate ones. Wh en in doubt, just utilize each species in turn. Utilize the main model and afterward substitute it with another case of similar species. When utilizing various species, for example, bovines, don't utilize the main model, change it for an alternate model and afterward utilize the equivalent example.</p>

Education Development in Students by Teacher Or Parents Sample Essay

Education Development in Students by Teacher Or Parents Sample EssayEducation development in students by teacher or parent's sample essay gives the ideas and information on how teachers can improve the students' knowledge about specific subjects. The goal of the education development in students by teacher or parent's sample essay is to give the necessary information that helps the students know the topics that they are required to learn. It is a common thing for people to know the topic of their study but often forget about the basis of their studies.Teachers are supposed to deliver and conduct the lessons in an effective manner that they help the students learn better. The easy way for the teacher to do this is by giving a lesson that helps the students know more about the subject.Usually, the teacher begins by introducing the topic, for instance the topic of the textbook. Then, the teacher provides tips or guidelines that will help the students in answering the questions on the sa id topic.The next step of the education development in students by teacher or parent's sample essay would be to provide the information needed for the topic. The information may come from the teacher's side or from the parents of the student.The information can be about a certain topic, as in this article, the information provided would be useful information for the student who wants to know more about the topic. In fact, this kind of approach is common especially when a teacher plans to give a lesson to the class.The information provided on the sample essay is given in such a way that the students understand what the teacher is trying to teach them. Also, the information given on the sample essay can be used by the teacher when preparing the lesson plan for the next period.The information on the education development in students by teacher or parent's sample essay should include the basics that students should know before they enter the subjects in their studies. The topics must al so be introduced in a way that it will make the students know more about the topics, regardless of whether the topics are related to the subjects that the students are studying.Therefore, the information in the education development in students by teacher or parent's sample essay should be easy to understand and used by the students who want to have a better understanding of the topic that they are going to study. Also, the information in the education development in students by teacher or parent's sample essay must be used by the teacher when preparing the lesson plan for the next period.

The Name of a Book in an Essay

<h1>The Name of a Book in an Essay</h1><p>Writing the name of a book in an article is a fundamental ability recorded as a hard copy scholastic papers. I have been approached to compose this inquiry for a few times, and now I know how the creator feels: it's simple, yet it doesn't make you a virtuoso. On the off chance that you have made an effort not to compose the name of a book in an article previously, at that point you presumably don't have the foggiest idea what's in store. This article will assist you with that.</p><p></p><p>You may wind up composing the name of a book in a paper in the last passage. This is the most significant part, and for the most part comprises of a basic presentation, and a short outline of the postulation explanation. It is ideal to begin with a solid and amazing presentation, since you would prefer not to destroy the impact of the remainder of your paper by giving a muddled summary.</p><p></p>& lt;p>When composing the name of a book in an exposition, the sentence should start with the individual's name. Attempt to make the 'composing' as characteristic as could reasonably be expected. The exact opposite thing you need to do is have your peruser think they have seen the name of the creator elsewhere. It doesn't make a difference on the off chance that you compose it in italics. The motivation behind this is to permit your peruser to discover what your identity is and where you are composing from.</p><p></p><p>You ought to consistently remember that the name of the individual who composed the book is typically the primary component of the article. This is likewise the one spot where the exposition begins to go into the domain of theory. For example, you are composing an exposition on music and workmanship, and it is essential for you to talk about the connection between the two. Since the writer of the book is the focal point of the paper, you shou ld utilize this name toward the finish of the piece to cause the end to follow through.</p><p></p><p>To dodge disarray between the name of the writer and that of the book, the writer's name can be in quotes. It doesn't make a difference if the quotes are available when you compose the name of the book in a paper. On the off chance that they are not, you should utilize the writer's name in your essay.</p><p></p><p>Some scholars like to have the name of the book composed toward the start of the exposition, while others like to begin with the writer. The decision is up to you. Simply ensure you set aside the effort to figure out how to compose a decent presentation. In the event that you experience difficulty beginning, simply read about it, and get what it takes as you go along.</p><p></p><p>Being an incredible essayist doesn't mean you are the 'best' or the best author, regardless of whether you have won numerous honors. The primary concern that separates the best scholars from the most exceedingly terrible is the aptitude they use to open their exposition. Great presentations are an essential piece of any sort of composing that starts with the name of a book.</p><p></p><p>When composing the name of a book in an article, recall that you will probably show your perusers how the book was composed, and you have to appear to be somebody who knows the subject well. Having a solid and common presentation will enable your perusers to comprehend the subject better.</p>

The Art of War Goya and Picasso Essay - 1278 Words

The Art of War: Goya and Picasso War is hell. Literally. In an instant, in the blink of an eye, the world as we know it is torn apart and shredded. Normality explodes into atrocity as we see the depths of depravity that man can sink to. Even though their reasons for painting the pictures are different, Goya’s Third of May, 1808, and Picasso’s Guernica are testaments to the violence of war using specific events and symbolic features as their vehicle while their representations and styles are different. Goya and Picasso both depicted actual events, though their reasons for painting the scene were greatly different. Goya requested official permission to paint the events of the Third of May, 1808 six years after the executions†¦show more content†¦These unknown men could be from anywhere. Seeing the soldiers lined up in a row, their backs turned to us, their aggressive stance with legs spread apart and guns held high give the feeling that nothing will h old them back from their appointed task, neither the prayers of the monk nor the pleas of Spaniards who are on their knees. Death does not come quickly to all as evidenced by the number of men still standing as this group is shot one at a time by all the riflemen as evidenced by the numerous bullet holes in the dead and the blood flowing from their wounds. There is no mercy here, but a lesson to be learned. In Picasso’s statement about the horrors of war, you feel the immediacy of the bombing, along with the confusion, and horrific stark reality of a surprise attack from the victim’s point of view which evokes a response that this should not happen again. There are no bombs depicted, yet we see the mass destruction as it is happening. A woman runs screaming while holding her dead child. A warrior with a severed arm lays dead or dying while clutching a broken sword. A horse has a spear run through it. The woman on the right stretches to the heavens as though she is beseeching God to rescue her right now; this effectShow MoreRelatedThe Most Prominent Artists Of Spain1445 Words   |  6 Pagesonly did Spaniards create beautiful paintings, but they also birthed entirely new sects in the art culture. Although innumerable world famous painters have been Spanish, three of the most prominent artists were Diego de Velà ¡zquez, Francisco Goya, and Pablo Picasso. The first of these great painters was Diego de Velà ¡zquez. Born in Seville, Spain, in 1599, Velà ¡zquez possessed great talent in the realm of art. His parents recognized this, and at the young age of eleven, he was apprenticed to FranciscoRead MoreDifferences Between Modernism And Modernism1174 Words   |  5 Pagescreativity. The romantic period focused on the creativity of an individual’s art. 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What Every Body Is Saying About Essay Topics for Independence Day Is Wrong and Why

<h1> What Every Body Is Saying About Essay Topics for Independence Day Is Wrong and Why</h1> <h2>The Chronicles of Essay Topics for Independence Day </h2> <p>Don't be frightened to discuss your thoughts as a component of imaginative methodology and recall there's only one way to deal with arrive at the ideal objectives accepting papers which have been carefully checked, audited and edit. Find here some of the interesting expositions on fellowship day in English which will be a decent guide to you. So far as the understudies are included, composing an exploration paper is among the hardest and disappointing activity as they would see it. Regardless, to have an ideal score on the GRE paper, use a fitting statement deliberately yet don't compel it in the article. </p> <p>Thus, don't pack each cite you know in the article. While rehearsing, you can consider the rundown of statements discovered above be that as it may, on the off chance that you c an recall a specific statement pertinent to your article subject, take a stab at utilizing it one statement for each and every exposition. Composing article request for employment how you can establish the best connection do you are needing a totally free on-line exposition composing programming advance for a school. Much obliged to you for perusing this useful article. </p> <p>Today each Indian commends this unmistakable day for a celebration. There are various Independence Day programs circulated on the TV during that time and various shows held during evening time in various pieces of the country. It is a heavenly day for India. </p> <p>There are loads of exercises and conventions that are done on Bastille Day. Here is the manner in which you ensure you're doing it right. Beautiful kites flying uninhibitedly in the sky are believed to be an indication of opportunity. </p> <p>It is essential that we pay tribute to such pioneers. This is the aski ng of the significant occasion. This celebration is praised by people all things considered. Companionship day is seen the world over to allow individuals to share their sentiment of affection. </p> <h2> Essay Topics for Independence Day Options</h2> <p>So it was from the start. America has changed into an open occasions. Get the monstrous assortment of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas however it's a national occasion the people of the nation commend it with phenomenal energy. A few workplaces likewise arrange social projects to expand the soul. </p> <p>To move starting with one country then onto the next is totally a progress of profound centrality and dependable enthusiastic impacts. Britishers were made bunches of the laws and thoughts to create the India under their influence. Truly, the legislature has the commitment to determine these troubles. Governments and militaries can manage the outside dangers however to have a genuine free count ry, we should fix the inner issue. </p> <h2>The One Thing to Do for Essay Topics for Independence Day </h2> <p>It is conceivable to likewise discover a few limits on our site which will assist you with saving some more cash for future requests or anything you need to spend them on. Along these lines that you don't hazard your cash since you can learn the cost before finishing your purchase. In the event that you are considering buying a thing you will at present have next schedule year, see pulling out the card yet you should be cautious. On the off chance that you like you may look on the web and discover one which you like. </p> <h2> Essay Topics for Independence Day Secrets That No One Else Knows About</h2> <p>What all you will require is getting the help from a master and EssaysChief will be the master that you search out. Finding a technician is correctly what you should do. Which are keen on finding a procedure composed from our. We should make our self so proficient that we're ready to commend its present and this is in some cases just done, when we buckle down for it. </p> <p>Independence was not picked up in day by day, nor did it come simple. Mahatma Gandhi Freedom does not merit having in the event that it doesn't suggest opportunity to fail. Freedom Day is significant in each country. Luckily, yet the rest of the piece of the tale of the Declaration is notable. </p> <h2>The Nuiances of Essay Topics for Independence Day </h2> <p>Write your ielts papers inside this gathering, transfer your profile, and start talking creatures shouldn't be utilized for the benefit of individuals, except if pester creatures like bullfight an exemplary open amusement in spain. Prior to partaking in any artistic creation rivalry, it's very imperative to comprehend a mess of drawing thoughts, at that point you can win an artwork rivalry. It is an expanding market and a great deal of makers are making them now. Wonderful and scrumptious tri-shading desserts are offered available these days. </p> <p>It's commended with colossal energy on the opposite side of the country. It's praised with brilliant enthusiasm in numerous schools, universities, workplaces and different places around the country. There is scarcely any part of the country that is left awkward. Ask what you could do to support your country. </p> <h2> What You Can Do About Essay Topics for Independence Day Beginning in the Next 4 Minutes</h2> <p>Our nation is considered the world's greatest majority rule government all around the globe. Committing a specific day to the country's autonomy and praising it in a few sections is a noteworthy strategy to show love and regard for the country. Continuously be prepared to protect the autonomy, solidarity and trustworthiness of the country. On this day the impression of adoration in the country of each nation stirs and rouses them to keep the autonomy and solidarity of the country. </p>

Art Topics For Research Paper

Art Topics For Research PaperIn terms of a work of art, the topics are endless. With different techniques and styles in hand, an artist can reach the heights of achievement with the way they convey their work of art to the reader. Research papers follow a similar path and form.Writing on a topic is a must for an author, as it will be present throughout the entire manuscript. It is very important that the author use a variety of writing styles and information sources to relay their work to the reader. A proper overview should be done by the author. This will have to be presented in three parts and will help the reader understand the entire work.The author will need to lay down a basic definition of the theme elements will be given. These elements will then be explored further, when the theme should be brought out and the author can continue. The use of images is also an important feature to be taken into consideration in a research paper. The images can include many different forms th at can make it easier for the reader to understand.Information and evidence from other sources is also a significant aspect of a research paper. Since the objective of a research paper is to present the theme to the reader, the author must also present additional information. For this, they may use a few sentences of context or a small bit of commentary.In order to carry out a research paper well, it is essential that the article or paper is both written and edited well. This is one of the major reasons why it is essential to find the right research paper writers. Writers who are known for being excellent research paper writers are those who have published books in their field and have a good rapport with publishers.A professional writer who has published works in their field will be able to convey their ideas to the reader and be able to write about different topics. By looking at an author's previous work, it will be easy to determine if their style is suited for the topic of the research paper. After all, it will be the style and method that the author uses to deliver their idea.Before any writing is carried out, the art topics for research paper needs to be looked over carefully. The purpose of writing these is to help the readers in their ability to understand the concept of the research paper. They should not be simply written as a technical aspect.The contents of the research paper can be written well, but the manner in which the research paper is written is what makes the difference. It should also be remembered that the same needs to be taken into consideration when writing for others. When the theme is shared with others, the rest of the author's ideas should be included. This is one of the ways that they can have the same experience and understand the theme of the paper.

Essay Topics of Equal Protection

Essay Topics of Equal ProtectionEqual protection is one of the most important topics in any law school or law professor's curriculum. Although the debate over the topic has been going on for decades, there are still plenty of people who question the importance of equal protection. This is one of those subjects that is likely to be left out by almost every aspiring law students, but there are still some things you should know.You will be asked to take a formal exam in law school, and the topics you will be tested on are generally based on what you learned in college. Since so many people believe that equality of treatment is not important in the legal arena, they will often choose to give it very little attention during their thesis writing. There are a few essay topics of equal protection that you might consider writing on.Title II and DOMA are two of the biggest issues facing the country right now. President Obama has called for an end to DOMA while Congress has passed the new Title II regulations that would prohibit discrimination based on gender. Both topics will be asked on your official exam and if you write about either of them, you will almost certainly see your grade drops a few points. It does not matter what other factors are considered here, as long as the same is true for every student who will be asked these questions.Another topic you might consider writing about are DOMA and federal marriage laws. These are topics that most judges and lawyers believe are important. Some believe that all marriages should be governed by state laws while others feel the federal government should define marriage so that it is uniform across the nation. A topic such as this can be very interesting, but you have to realize that even though this is one of the most popular topics on the exam, the way judges and lawyers will see it might not be the same as a test-taker.The civil rights theme is perhaps the most commonly used topic in allof law school. Even though not ever yone agrees with that decision, there are still plenty of people who believe that it is an important one. In all probability, you will be asked to write on this topic several times, and when you do you have to make sure that you have all of the information you need. Be sure to be prepared, since you can expect to be grilled on your knowledge of this topic several times during your course.A final topic that you might consider is an education topic. Every year law students get taught about the various laws and regulations governing the education field, including the Equal Credit Opportunity Act. As you can imagine, there are some who disagree with this legislation, especially since it prevents people from discriminating against the education industry based on race or sex.The topics mentioned above are all subject to change depending on what information you provide. If you are familiar with these topics, you can use these ideas to develop essay topics of equal protection for yourself.

8 Stages of Social Development Free Essays

Social development theory attempts to explain qualitative changes in the structure and framework of society, that help the society to better realize its aims and objectives. Development can be broadly defined in a manner applicable to all societies at all historical periods as an upward ascending movement featuring greater levels of energy, efficiency, quality, productivity, complexity, comprehension, creativity, mastery, enjoyment and accomplishment. Development is a process of social change, not merely a set of policies and programs instituted for some specific results. We will write a custom essay sample on 8 Stages of Social Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now This process has been going on since the dawn of history. But during the last five centuries it has picked up in speed and intensity, and during the last five decades has witnessed a marked surge in acceleration. [2] The basic mechanism driving social change is increasing awareness leading to better organization. Life evolves by consciousness and consciousness in turn progresses by organization. When society senses new and better opportunities for progress it accordingly develops new forms of organization to exploit these new openings successfully. The new forms of organization are better able to harness the available social energies and skills and resources to use the opportunities to get the intended results. Development is governed by many factors that influence the results of developmental efforts. There must be a motive that drives the social change and essential preconditions for that change to occur. The motive must be powerful enough to overcome obstructions that impede that change from occurring. Development also requires resources such as capital, technology, and supporting infrastructure. Development is the result of society’s capacity to organize human energies and productive resources to meet challenges and opportunities. Society passes through well-defined stages in the course of its development. They are nomadic hunting and gathering, rural agrarian, urban, commercial, industrial, and post-industrial societies. Pioneers introduce new ideas, practices, and habits that conservative elements initially resist. At a later stage, innovations are accepted, imitated, organized, and used by other members of the community. Organizational improvements introduced to support the innovations can take place simultaneously at four different levels—physical, social, mental, and psychological. Moreover four different types of resources are involved in promoting development. Of these four, physical resources are most visible, but least capable of expansion. Productivity of resources increases enormously as the quality of organization and level of knowledge inputs rise. Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development, as articulated by Erik Erikson, explain eight stages through which a healthily developing human should pass from infancy to late adulthood. In each stage, the person confronts, and hopefully masters, new challenges. Each stage builds upon the successful completion of earlier stages. The challenges of stages not successfully completed may be expected to reappear as problems in the future. However, mastery of a stage is not required to advance to the next stage. Erikson’s stage theory characterizes an individual advancing through the eight life stages as a function of negotiating his or her biological forces and sociocultural forces. Each stage is characterized by a psychosocial crisis of these two conflicting forces (as shown in the table below). If an individual does indeed successfully reconcile these forces (favoring the first mentioned attribute in the crisis), he or she emerges from the stage with the corresponding virtue. For example, if an infant enters into the toddler stage (autonomy vs.  shame doubt) with more trust than mistrust, he or she carries the virtue of hope into the remaining life stages. Stages of psychosocial development Stages of Social Development In this post Cold War and postmodern age, we are asking serious questions regarding the preeminence of rigid ideologies, national boundaries, proprietary interests, technological utopias and naive, egalitarian demands in crafting the next global mesh. We hear all of these voices. We register all of the claims. We record all of the â€Å"truths. † We see all of the demonstrations and displays of street theatre. But, we have a sense they all stream from the Tower of Babel. No wonder the realities are so diverse; the thoughts so confusing, the solutions so divisive. It is as if all six billion people have climbed on top of the Tower and are now shouting slogans at us. All seem to want a place in the sun, a position in the niche, and free tickets to Disney World. If one were to do a content analysis of all the books and articles written on the global gaps, or arguments presented in academic or think tank settings, or even the political dialogue in national parliaments or international summits, we would see several clear and distinct patterns. Capitalism is great or greedy. Socialism is humane or harmful. Technology is a blessing or a curse. The rich are that way because they worked hard or simply won life’s lottery. The poor are that way because they are undisciplined or oppressed by the rich. Economic redistribution will level the playing field or dumb down global intelligences. Which is it? Most of the discussions center around competing economic models, open political access, mandated equality of opportunity and results, and a host of other external, top-down solutions. Arguments grow in emotional intensity around the size and distribution of budgets. Money becomes the magic elixir that will cure all ills. If we build attractive places for all to live the â€Å"losers† will be transformed into â€Å"winners† by simply changing street addresses. New rules and regulations will transform hearts and minds. Everybody will benefit from the rising tides of prosperity as the free market makes global waves. Everybody will benefit from the largess of big government, using taxes to fund social work schemes. And, of course, brilliant technological innovations will bring the Internet into each and every home, with or without electricity. Right. But, why haven’t these policies worked in the past? Look at Africa. Look at Haiti. Look at the Balkans. Look at Russia. Look at the Mississippi Delta. Look at Yorkshire’s coal mining villages. Look at American Indian reservations. Look at the huddled masses everywhere yearning for a loaf of bread. Look at India’s Calcutta kids. Look at border sweat shops and urban cesspools. Look at the number of â€Å"minority† teenagers in American prisons. In spite of all of the money spent, expectations raised, programs imposed, â€Å"good deeds† celebrated and â€Å"good works† performed, our problems persist. Why? The central thesis of this document is that external approaches designed to improve the human condition are faulted unless they also include, as parallel and simultaneous tracks, the essential steps and stages in interior social development. In short, economic, political, and technological efforts must correlate with the levels of complexity of thinking within individuals and entire cultures. Unless the external efforts match, in their respective operating codes, the existing capacities within leadership cadres and the general population in specific countries, they will make things worse, not better. Like the deep sea diver who gets the bends by coming up too rapidly, or runs out of air if the ascent is delayed too long, entire societies are vulnerable to this too much: too little dynamic. This discussion will describe 1. the eight stages of social development; 2. the economic and political models appropriate to each stage; and 3.twelve postulates to employ in the search for global cohesion in this age of societal fragmentation. EIGHT STAGES OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT: How Cultures Emerge A social stage is more like an emerging wave than a rigid step. Each stage is simply a temporary, transitional plateau that forms in individual and collective minds. Some call them â€Å"paradigms† or â€Å"levels of psychological existence. † In other writings I refer to them as valueMEMES or bio/psycho/social/spiritual DNA-type scripts that inculcate their codes throughout a culture, and even migrate around the planet on CNN and in 747s. These are fluid, living systems rather than rigid hierarchical steps. They form into spirals of complexity and exist within people, organizations, and entire societies. The terms â€Å"social stage,† â€Å"cultural wave,† â€Å"value system,† and â€Å"vMEME code† are synonymous. Cultures, as well as countries, are formed by the emergence of value systems (social stages) in the response to life conditions. Such complex adaptive intelligences form the glue that bonds a group together, defines who they are as a people, and reflects the place on the planet they inhabit. These cultural waves, much like the Russian dolls (a doll embedded within a doll embedded within a doll) have formed, over time, into unique mixtures and blends of instructional and survival codes, myths of origin, artistic forms, life styles, and senses of community. While they are all legitimate expressions of the human experience, they are not â€Å"equal† in their capacities to deal with complex problems in society. Yet, the detectable social stages within cultures are not Calvinistic scripts that lock us into choices against our will. Nor are they inevitable steps on a predetermined staircase, or magically appearing like crop circle structures in our collective psyche. And, cultures should not be seen as rigid types, having permanent traits. Instead, they are core adaptive intelligences that ebb and flow, progress and regress, with the capacity to lay on new levels of complexity (value systems) when conditions warrant. Much like an onion, they form layers on layers on layers. There is no final state, no ultimate destination, no utopian paradise. Each stage is but a prelude to the next, then the next, then the next. Each emerging social stage or cultural wave contains a more expansive horizon, a more complex organizing principle, with newly calibrated priorities, mindsets, and specific bottom-lines. All of the previously acquired social stages remain in the composite value system to determine the unique texture of a given culture, country, or society. In Ken Wilber’s language, each new social stage â€Å"transcends but includes† all of those which have come before. Societies with the capacity to change, swing between I:Me:Mine and We:Us:Our poles. Tilts in one direction create the need to self-correct, thus causing a shift toward the opposite pole. Me decades become us epochs as we constantly spiral up, or spiral down in response to life conditions. Some social stages stress diversity generators that reward individual initiatives and value human rights. Other social stages impose conformity regulators and reward cooperative, collective actions. Societies will zigzag between these two poles, thus embracing different models at each tilt. Once a new social stage appears in a culture, it will spread its instructional codes and life priority messages throughout that culture’s surface-level expressions: religion, economic and political arrangements, psychological and anthropological theories, and views of human nature, our future destiny, globalization, and even architectural patterns and sports preferences. We all live in flow states; there is always new wine, always old wine skins. We, indeed, find ourselves pursuing a never-ending quest. THE LIVING STRATA IN OUR PSYCHO-CULTURAL ARCHEOLOGY Stage/ Wave Color Code Popular Name Thinking Cultural manifestations and personal displays 8 Turquoise WholeView Holistic collective individualism; cosmic spirituality; earth changes 7 yellow FlexFlow Ecological natural systems; self-principle; multiple realities; knowledge 6 Green HumanBond Consensus egalitarian; feelings; authentic; sharing; caring; community 5 Orange StriveDrive Strategic materialistic; consumerism; success; image; status; growth 4 Blue TruthForce Authority meaning; discipline; traditions; morality; rules; lives for later 3 Red PowerGods Egocentric gratification; glitz; conquest; action; impulsive; lives for now 2  Purple KinSpirits Animistic rites; rituals; taboos; super- stitions; tribes; folk ways lore 1 Beige SurvivalSense Instinctive food; water; procreation; warmth; protection; stays alive. Here’s the key idea. Different societies, cultures and subcultures, as well as entire nations are at different levels of psycho-cultural emergence, as displayed within these evolutionary levels of complexity. Yet, and here is a critical concept, the previously awakened levels do not disappear. Rather, they stay active within the value system stacks, thus impacting the nature of the more complex systems. So, many of the same issues we confront on the West Bank (red to blue) can be found in South Central Los Angeles. One can experience the animistic (purple) worldview on Bourbon Street as well as in Zaire. Matters brought before city council in Minneapolis (orange to green to yellow) are not unlike the debates in front of governing bodies in the Netherlands. So-called Third World societies are dealing, for the most part, with issues within the beige to purple to red to blue zones, thus higher rates of violence and poverty. Staying alive, finding safety, and dealing with feudal age conditions matter most. Second World societies are characterized by authoritarian (blue) one-party states, whether from the right or the left. Makes no difference. So-called First World nations and groupings have achieved high levels of affluence, with lower birth rates, and more expansive use of technology. While centered in the strategic, free-market driven, and individual liberty focused perspective — all traits of the Stage 5 (orange) worldview — new value systems (green, yellow, and turquoise) are emerging in the â€Å"postmodern† age. Yet, we have no language for anything beyond First World, believing that is the final state, the â€Å"end of history. † Further, there is a serious question as to whether the billions of people who are now exiting Second and Third World life styles can anticipate the same level of affluence as they see on First World television screens. And, what will happen to the environment if every Chinese family had a two-car garage? The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the GTO, and most multinational corporations reflect the blue-orange worldview codes of cultural discipline, financial accountability, and individual responsibility. Attacks are launched from three directions: Red zone activists, anarchists, and spoilers who love a good fight, and believe the Big Orange Money Machines are easy targets from which to exact tributes in various forms; Blue zone ideologies who defend the sacred against the secular and resent the intrusive technology and destruction of the holy orders and extol the purity of the faith, noble cause, and divine calling; and Green zone humanists and environmentalists who level charges of exploitation, greed, and selfishness, noting the eradication of indigenous cultures and the poisoning of the â€Å"pristine’ environment by Big Mac golden arches. The WTO demonstrations were so confounding to so many because they combined these red, blue and green critiques into single anti-orange crusades. Capitalism and materialism were the twin villains; spirituality, sharing, and social equality, along with sustainability, were the noble virtues. There appeared to be no middle ground; no zone of rapprochement; no win:win alternative. Herein lies the global knot: the seemingly irreconcilable conflict between and among the haves, the have nots, the have a little but want more, and the have a lot but are never content. There must be a better way. STRATIFIED DEMOCRACY: Managing the Global Mesh Stage/ Wave 1 Stage/ Wave 2 Stage/ Wave 3 Stage/ Wave 4 Stage/ Wave 5 Stage/ Wave 6 Stage/ Wave 7 Stage/ Wave 8 Beige Purple Red Blue Orange Green Yellow Turquoise POLITICAL SYSTEMS AND POWER DISTRIBUTION RATIOS survival clans Haiti tribal orders Somalia feudal empires Taliban authoritarian democracry Singapore multiparty democracy UK US social democracy Netherlands stratified democracy holonic democracy Confederal unitary Federal unitary Integral ECONOMIC SYSTEMS AND RESOURCE DISTRIBUTION FORMULAS eat when hungry mutual reciprocity kinship to victors belong the spoils the just earn the rewards each acts on own behalf to prosper all should benefit equally all formulas contribute to spiral health resources focus on all life As you can see, the projected bulge of global thinking is in the purple/red zones, with a somewhat smaller peak in the orange enclaves. Many are locked in the blue authoritarian flatland and are just now waking up to orange, â€Å"good life† possibilities. At the same time, the postmodern mindset is attacking orange materialism, living more lightly on the land, and searching for meaning in Navaho sweat lodges or excursions into variations on the spiritual theme. In his new book entitled The Cultural Creatives (Three Rivers Press; ISBN: 0609808451; October 2001), Paul Ray describes Heartland-Blue, Modernity-Orange, andCultural Creatives-Green. We add Integral-Yellow as the next developmental stage. There are different futures for different folks. The future of the Third World will be Second World â€Å"authority† before either First World autonomy or postmodern sensitivity become options. There are different futures for different folks along the evolutionary trajectory. â€Å"Democracy,† then, comes in many different variations, hues, and levels of complexity. Beware of imposing the form that fits a specific stage or zone on the Spiral onto other strata. This is an invitation to cultural disaster. There are good reasons why humans have created survival clans, ethnic tribes, feudal empires, ancient nations, corporate states, and value communities in our long bio-psycho-social-spiritual ascent. Robert D. Kaplan makes this point clearly in a lengthy essay â€Å"Was Democracy Just A Moment?† (The Atlantic Monthly, December 1997). He notes that authoritarian China (blue) is doing more for its citizens than democratic (orange) Russia, and that enlightened one-party-states and even dictatorial empires (red), can build a middle class more quickly than multiparty models (orange) in Africa. The evolutionary spirals are dancing all over the planet, in a figurative sense. While some hear tribal drum beats, others are doing the tango, the waltz, the Texas two-step, the jitterbug, theCharleston, or even the line dance. In some dances each expresses self, oblivious to others. In others, we dance in concert, in a multitude of interlocking arrangements and movements. This is the global diversity. New political and economic models are beginning to appear, based on the assumptions and codes within integral commons and holistic meshworks. Welcome to the global dance. THE TWELVE POSTULATES : AN INTEGRAL PERSPECTIVE ON GLOBALIZATION: The Prime Directive A â€Å"postulate† is defined as â€Å"an essential presupposition, condition, or premise of a train of reasoning.† Postulates must all hang together and be seen as both simultaneous and sequential in creating a critical mass shift. These shifts are part and parcel of The Prime Directive, a universal ratchet through layers of complexity that appear to impact human choice-making, as well as that of other life forms. Bacteria, viruses, genes and memes all appear to be shaped by nonlinear, adaptive intelligences as life as we know it continues to evolve on the planet. Rather than existing as stand-alone, independent fragments, the postulates materialize â€Å"a train of reasoning† as they work in synergistic concert with each other. It makes no sense to argue as to which one is the most important. They are all interwoven into an evolving Global Meshworks. Note how horizons are broadening from families to clans, to tribes, to empires, to ancient nations, to corporate nation states, and now to global views. Yet, all of these viewing portals continue to exist on the planet earth. We are witnessing new versions of the historic continental drift as our economic, political, technological, and social worlds are, indeed, being pulled closer together. Further, global problems will require global solutions which, of necessity, will require global thinking. The historic past:present: future time lines will need to be understood. Up stream and down stream viewing points must be maintained. Final state paralysis must be replaced by flow state perspectives. Simplistic car-wash solutions must be replaced by a rich understanding and respect for diversities in people, uniqueness in situations, and inevitable steps and stages in human emergence. Rigid rules, a product of fixed state  ideologies, must be supplanted by fluctuating algorithms that engage a world full of variables, life cycles, wild cards and other complex dynamics that lie at the core of life itself. There are no guarantees; no eternal road maps; no inevitable destinations; no blue print etched in permanent ink. Yet, there are equations, formulas, fractals, consequences, flows, and processes. Each new solution will, over time, create new problems. Human motivations will change as our life conditions get better, or get worse. There are systems within us rather than types of us – stratified decision-making stacks that constantly rearrange themselves in terms of priorities and senses of urgency. Different cultures and subcultures, then, are organic entities that lay on new levels of complexity as changes in life conditions warrant. Finally, the real intent of these postulates, when taken as a group, is to shape both interior and exterior dynamics to expedite the natural principles that appear to drive societal transformation. Such dynamics rely heavily on self organizing principles and processes rather than mechanistic, artificial mandates or commandments. They are messy, chaotic, often violence-prone, and uncertain with false starts, regressions, quantum leaps, advances and retreats, within a whole wilderness of snarling beasts, wild cards, sink-holes, and life-sustaining oasis. Such a systemic and integral initiative is designed to dredge out channels, drain stagnant back waters, unblock tributaries, navigate white water rapids, and maintain the ongoing movement of ideas, energy, and the human spirit through time and space. In this sense we become co-creators with the The Prime Directive in crafting the human story. But first, some personal questions for you to consider: Why do you see globalization issues the way that you do? Who are the â€Å"bad guys; the good girls? † What personal priorities shape your perceptual filters? Why do you have them? Have you changed? What will you personally gain or lose under different global scenarios? What mindsets, viewing-points, or value systems influence your own thinking? Which groups do you represent, causes do you support, and personal or professional commitments do you have which could alter your views? Are you open to new and different perspectives, fresh and expansive horizons? THE TWELVE POSTULATES 1. Reframe globalization issues around value system codes rather than behavioral stereotypes. In place of the racial, ethnic, nationalistic, culture-bound, moralistic, economic, and oppressed/oppressor filters, consider viewing globalization matters through this integral/holistic (yellow turquoise) frame. By understanding these deeper value system currents or complexity strata, it becomes possible to develop more realistic big picture views and craft practical, appropriate solutions to real problems. Further, by recognizing the core cultural codes, as reflected in individuals and social groupings, one can quickly identify the generating, internal forces that will ultimately shape external behaviors and actions. For example, why is it the HIV infection rate so high in parts of Africa? If you identify the causative category as â€Å"African,† or â€Å"black,† or â€Å"poor† or â€Å"Third World,† you will miss the point entirely. Not all Africans, blacks, poor, or Third Worlders exhibit the identical sexual behaviors associated with AIDS. When women are influenced by the purple/animistic/safety security vMEME, it is in their interest to breed large families because their children will provide a work force (gather wood and water) and future security. When men are dominated by the red/exploitative/predatory value system, they will impregnate as many women as they can just to keep score. And, when they believe (purple) that having sex with a virgin will cure their AIDS infection, you can see why the plague spreads so rapidly. So, the pandemic is a purple and red problem; not a â€Å"black† problem. Blacks in the blue, orange, and green zones are less vulnerable to the destructive behaviors. â€Å"It’s the vMEMES, stupid! † 1. Create vital signs monitors to track deeper currents and critical indicators. In order to track these underlying currents that flow over all of the continents, it is essential that we develop the capacity to monitor the concentrations and shifts, and be able to make sense out of the more traditional social/economic/health/quality of life indicators that are now available. This use of GIS (geographic information survey) type information displays can be enhanced by overlaying the patterns over the vMEMETIC codes to find deeper meaning in the data. Further, it should be possible to identify the early signs of an emerging â€Å"hot spot† that may explode in social eruptions. Such a scan would have warned the world community of bloody encounters-in-the-making in Africa, the Middle East, the Balkans, and Indonesia. We have Dow Jones indicators of the economic health and well being of various countries. Where are the value scans that can inform us of major changes, or sound the alarm when danger is on the horizon? For example, when the Balkans political leaders were brought to Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio to iron out some kind of peaceful settlement to the lingering conflict in the former Yugoslavia, they were exposed to cyber maps showing the actual land forms, mountain ranges, and border lines. What if, in addition to these surface-level profiles, they were shown the vMEMETIC contours of the various population groups, or the stages of social development that were apparent? And, if the UN could have monitor these cultural codes in Sierra Leone, Rwanda, or even East Timor, wouldn’t the responses have been significantly different? It is dangerous to be trapped in a paradigm. 2. Focus on the future as more significant than the past in shaping the present. The past can never be replayed or replayed. Time is not a straight arrow that flows on a unbroken line from the past to the future Rather, we go through a number of nonlinear jumps that totally alter the conditions, world views, and operating systems. In one sense author Thomas Wolfe had it right: â€Å"We can’t go home again. † This, of course, means crafting a compelling vision of a realistic future state, and then aligning the various efforts and projects to accomplish those objectives. This often happens through the creative use of scenario building processes, a technology well developed by John Petersen at the Arlington Institute in Virginia. (Seewww. arlingtoninstitute. org). Yet, how do we â€Å"let go† of the past without jettisoning or eroding the essential codes that are required in crafting new and more complex social systems? Both raw capitalism and materialist Marxism pore acid on the indigenous cultures, both designed to create the New Man or Homo economicus. The second will foist a high consumer culture on more traditional environments. The first has used the Cambodian â€Å"killing fields† to wipe out every vestige of the older orders. Both do quite serious damage to the cultural strata. Both promote â€Å"final state† paralysis. And, there remains a serious question as to how we move beyond the anger and guilt from past deeds that often keep a society from moving ahead. Both the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in South Africa and the â€Å"Sign the Sorry Book† campaign in Australia with regard to the mistreatment of the aborigines are options. There is a growing movement within African American subcultures in the United States to demand reparation payments for the inhumane institution of slavery and pervasive influence of centuries of segregation and discrimination. Yet there are far better ways to address the resulting asymmetrics that are the product of many different forces. A shift from blame and be blamed, or even live and let live, in the direction of thrive and help thrive, may hold the key. Ultimately, even subcultures must pass through stages of development. 3. Search for the new intelligences that appear around chaos and within crucibles. One of the basic assumptions within Spiral Dynamics is that complex, adaptive intelligences form in response to the stress and strain forged by life conditions. In contrast to IQ (Intelligent Quotient), EQ (Emotional Quotient), AQ (Adversity Quotient) SQ ( Spiritual Quotient) or other expressions of intelligence that have appeared, we are describing a VQ (Values Quotient) capacity. VQ codes emerge whenever the older thinking patterns can no longer handle the new complexity that they have helped create. In short, â€Å"cometh the time, cometh the value codes.† The intent, here, will be to construct scaffoldings of solutions, arrange them according to the stages of social development, and be willing to scan for new insights and codes that will naturally appear, like diamonds on the veldt. These, like George Bush’s â€Å"Thousand Points of Light† and Clinton’s â€Å"Faces of Hope,† could be quickly disseminated through the Internet and other avenues for communicating practical solutions to common problems. Why continue to â€Å"invent the wheels† when well-designed vehicles are already up and running elsewhere. 4. Identify the superordinate goals that transcend other priorities and agendas. A superordinate goal is a goal or value that everybody wants and needs to realize, but no individual or group can achieve it in an unilateral fashion. These overarching umbrellas can take a number of forms. Some spring from a â€Å"woe is us† syndrome in that we are all in this horrible situation together. In other cases, a â€Å"common enemy† will appear on the scene, one that threatens the well-being of each and all. The best superordinate goal umbrella is a genuine and constructive outcome that everybody values, but one that requires the longer term integration of the conflicting groups. There are plenty of candidates for healthy superordinate goals: the threat of HIV-type viruses, the dangers inherent in global warming or other forms of environmental poison; the fear of nuclear explosions triggered by demagogues or militant â€Å"true believers† who have no fear of death; the growing gaps between rich and poor that sow seeds of class envy, and other wild cards such as water depletion, population growth, and biomedical monster gone amuck. All problems, challenges, and threats cut across national boundaries, ethnic enclaves, and gated communities. 5. Facilitate and honor the inevitable steps, stages and waves in human emergence. This is the critical pathway that lies at the â€Å"DNA† core of The Prime Directive. The focus, here, should be on the process dynamic itself, not on any specific system, level, stage, or whorl that have been activated in forming the complex, adaptive intelligences. Each of the emerging value system waves not only addresses the unique problems in the milieu that gave it birth, but also adds texture and quality to the more complex vMEME codes in the future. (Note the colorful spiral on the wrap around to this document. See how each of the colors bleeds up into the more complex zones.) By keeping each stage/wave healthy, positive, and congruent, the avenues are open for movement to occur, if and when it has been â€Å"awakened† by life conditions. Instead of imposing the one-size-fits-all economic or political package on the entire developmental spectrum, one should craft the unique form that fits the different circumstances. Entire societies (and subcultures) move along the value system trajectory and should be assisted in meeting their needs and challenges at each of the stages, with the economic and political structures and models that are both tailored and appropriate to those conditions. It is both futile and counter productive to attempt to skip stages, or leap into a more complex world view before its time. Lawrence E. Harrison provides the clearest rationale for this process in his work on value systems and prosperity codes. (See Who Prospers? How Cultural Values Shape Economic and Political Success (1992) and Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress (2000), written with Samuel P. Huntington). Harrison has demonstrated, in both his books and in his developmental work in several different cultural settings, that â€Å"traditional explanations like imperialism, dependency and racism are no longer adequate† in explaining why some countries and ethnic groups are better off than others. He stresses the critical importance of â€Å"cultural values that powerfully shape political, economic and social performance. † In Spiral Dynamics terms these are the 4th Level (blue) and 5th Level (orange) vMEME – the blend of â€Å"good authority† with â€Å"practical enterprise. † 6. Mobilize all available resources (quadrants/levels) and focus them like laser beams. Ken Wilber has pioneered the concept of â€Å"all levels, all quadrants† as an essential framework for accelerating the development of people and cultures. Fragmented, isolated, ad hoc, piecemeal, and single quadrant solutions will fail to make a significant difference. Both interior (within the hearts and minds of individuals and cultures) and exterior (the exterior arrangements, economic perks, political structures, and social rules and regulations) must be meshed, coordinated, and aligned to the relevant level (stages of social development) to get maximum impact. See Wilber’s new book, A Theory of Everything, for a thorough analysis. Further, the efforts of families, schools, religion, law enforcement, business, professional societies, and political entitiesshould be integrated, aligned, and synergized to get them all on the same page. Their resources and efforts should befocused like laser beams on the essential steps and stages of emergence. These I call MeshWORK solutions. 7. Contain destructive conflicts while respecting the essential cycles of change. Life is full of dynamic tension, disruptions, conflicts, discord, and even violence. The problems may be within a stage (i. e. Lord of the Flies conflicts and holy wars) or between emerging stages (i. e. Lexus and the Olive Tree, Jihad vs. McWorld, or human rights vs. authoritarian values). Symptoms can be seen in societal blockages, cul-de-sacs, sink holes, minority vs. majority bloodshed, battles over scarce resources, inept and corrupt leadership, terrorism, and perpetual wars for national liberation or economic domination. Major conflicts should be â€Å"depressed† much like raging forest fires, from all angles and as quickly as possible. Minor scrimmages should be prevented if possible or allowed to play themselves out if relatively harmless. As the core vMEME flows are understood and accommodated, there will be fewer such conflicts as the human energy passes more freely the development dams and locks in an ongoing, positive fashion. 8. Promote power differentiation through appropriate, stratified stages and layers. No single political arrangement fits every situation. Each stratum within the human/social archeology will possess different operating philosophies in terms of how power is distributed. These are natural life forms, indigenous to the unique circumstances within each layer and level. Each will have its own unique organizing code, and can only respond to the models and processes which resonate with those â€Å"DNA† scripts. Not every person has the capacity to recognize these vertical stages of development. Many will attempt to impose the codes from single operating levels onto the entire strata of emergence. Some require a Tribal Order that is safety-driven, while others will thrive in an Exploitative Empire that is power-driven. You can also see why an Authority Structures (order-driven) is appropriate in some settings, while the codes within a Strategic Enterprise (success-driven) is congruent elsewhere. When a strong middle class is constructed, and a modicum of affluence is shared, then the Social Network (people-driven) structures make a lot of sense. Today we are moving in the direction of the Systemic Flow (process-oriented) and Holonic Meshwork (synthesis-oriented) global models are relevant. 9. Resolve major paradoxes by implementing creative win:win:win solutions. Many political leaders and groupings are now searching for alternatives to the traditional bipolar models of decision-making – whether expressed in the English Westminster formula, the American checks and balances procedures, or the historic Left vs. Right orientations from the French tradition. Even the win:win negotiation model carries with it the limited codes of the 5th Level (ORANGE) vMEME. These new models are now forming in complex thinking cells in this country and elsewhere. They focus first on the ultimate â€Å"win,† i. e. the integrity of the overall system, the well-being of all people, the  long-term ethical principles, or the inherent wisdom within The Prime Directive. This is the universal touchstone that can be using in resolving deep conflicts. A vMEMETIC understanding, tracked by a Global Vital Signs Monitor, could enhance the quest for peace in the Middle East as well as in Africa. It should be part and parcel of the insights offered at Camp David, in Geneva, or at UN headquarters. 10. Integrate the body, mind, soul and spirit in enriching the human experience. Many of our dysfunctional actions and social breakdowns stem from our own personal fragmentation. While the Age of Enlightenment brought us many benefits of a material nature, we are now aware that such â€Å"progress† came with a price. We found ourselves separated from our spiritual sense, from the deeper values that resonate in our individual and cultural cores. Yet, it does no good to reject totally any of our senses of self. The key to health and well-being, within both a short term context and the longer flow, is to search for ways to mesh all of these attributes in an integral whole. There are plenty of opportunities to access some of these intangible but powerful practices. They should be developed in our youth while they are open to the inner life and welcome experiences designed to expand conceptual horizons. And adults, who are growing weary of the fast-track, technology-rich and digitized world around them, often search for ways to express a spiritual sense, or bond themselves with a transcendent cause, or renew their souls by reconnecting with nature’s wonder. 11. Nourish and replenish the natural habitat so that all life forms may flourish. Perhaps this postulate should come first because it may well be the one that should concern us the most. What is at stake here is preservation of life itself. We are now discovering the genetic codes that shapes our biological DNA scripts. This knowledge is both wonderful and frightening at the same time. The issue itself, and perhaps our permanent residency on the planet, will be determined by which of the vMEME codes controls the knowledge. At one time we believed, for example, that the very best way to protect the elephant species is to focus specifically on the elephant — the mating habits, the food requirements, and ways to keep individual elephants alive and reproducing. Today, the focus is on the environment – the total milieu that will naturally support elephant life. The elephant sprang from that milieu and flourished for centuries within it. As long as it provides what elephants need to survive and flourish, they will. No more prizes for forecasting the rain; only prizes for building the ark. The late Professor Clare W. Graves, Union College, New York said it best: Clare W. Graves. How to cite 8 Stages of Social Development, Papers